Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2018, issue № 1

CONTENTS

Spontaneous dispersion of species of the genus Juglans L. in the forests and parks of Kiev - Burda  R.I.,  Koniakin S.N. -In 2016–2017 in the forests and parks of Kiev 22 points of spontaneous spread of self-sown plants of six species of Juglans L., namely, J. ailantifolia Carrière, J.cinerea L., J. mandshurica Maxim., J nigra L., J. regia L. and J. subcordiformis Dode (Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb) were found. In eight locations 919 self-sown individuals and 45 maternal trees of these species were examined. Local populations are left-side in most cases, they have different spatial and ontogenetic structures and some of them contain young reproductive individuals. According to our data (abundance, size and ontogenetic composition), the points of self-seeding spread are spontaneous self-reproduction populations. Schematic maps of distribution of Juglans species have been created.

Wealth and number of seedlings from the soil seed bank in the curtains of the invasive species Acer negundo L. - Veselkin   D.V.,   Kiseleva   O.A.,   Ekshibarov   E.D.,   Rafikova   O.S.,   Korzhinevskaya   A.A. - The assumption of transformation of soil seed banks under the influence of invasive plants was verified. For this purpose, the taxonomic wealth and the number of seedlings from the soil seed bank in the thickets of the invasive maple tree (Acer negundo L.) were estimated. In the vegetation experiment seedlings emerged from seeds on soils selected in two types of habitats in Ekaterinburg (in dense thickets of A. negundo and in geomorphologically and edaphically similar habitats, but without A. negundo) were used. In addition, seedlings on sod-podzolic soil were analyzed from suburban meadows. A slight negative influence of A. negundo on the abundance of seedlings from the soil seed bank was established. In the version with an ash-leaved maple, the number of shoots was 1.5–2.5 times lesser than in urban habitats without A. negundo. The taxa wealth of seedlings differed only between suburban and urban habitats, regardless of whether the urban habitats were transformed due to the growth of invasive ash-leaved maple.

Genetic diversity of the first Baltic population of Rangia cuneata (Bivalvia: Mactridae) - Voroshilova  I.S.,  Ezhova  E.E.,  Pavlova  V.V. - The genetic diversity of the first Baltic population of the bivalve mollusk Rangia cuneata (G.B. Sowerby I, 1831) was studied based on mtDNA COI gene sequences. It is shown the whole Vistula Lagoon is inhabited by a single population of alien species with a high level of genetic diversity. It is assumed, common rangia penetrated to the Vistula Lagoon at a larval stage with the ballast water. The first European R. cuneata population, from the North Sea, is regarded as the most probable source of introduction. Information on the introduced species population genetic diversity can be useful for forecasting of further ways of dispersal of the species.

Finds of ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in Voronezhsky reserve (Voronezhskaya oblast of Russia)- Emets  V.M. -The data on the finds оf Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis) imago in 2015 and 2017 in Voronezhsky Reserve (Voronezhskaya oblast of Russia) are presented. Penetration of the species from the eastern regions of Ukraine due to independent expansion or unintentional delivery is suggested.

Invasion of the European mink in the Omsk oblast- Kassal  B.Yu. - The invasion of the European mink Mustela lutreola in the Omsk oblast lasted about 100 years (the first registration referred to 1886, and the last - to 1984). The changes in the number of European mink in the Omsk oblast took place in a direct weak connection with abiotic factors: indicators of solar activity (W, Wolf numbers), conditions of different humidity of the territory and water level in reservoirs. Changes in the area of distribution and population density were in weak connection with the timing of spring and autumn onsets, the amount of precipitation and snow quantity in the winter. The role of hunting was determined by the average annual volume of seizures of ~25% of living on the territory individuals.

Molecular and genetic research of invasive spesies of Amelanchier Medik. -Kuklina  A.G.,  Kuznetsova  O.I.,  Schanze r I.A. -When examining populations of invasive species of Amelanchier spicata and A. alnifolia in the European part of Russia, we have found difficult-to-define variants of morphotypes, characterized by intermediate characters, in addition to typical morphotypes. Molecular and genetic analysis of the nuclear regions ITS1-2 revealed intragenomic polymorphism, probably indicative of hybridogenic origin of A. spicata. The genealogical relations of the haplotypes ITS1-2 of the invasive species A. spicata are traced, allowing to link its formation with hybridization involving A. humilis and A. alnifolia and to establish a hypothetical area of origin of the original forms in North America.

The find of Echinothrips americanus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the Republic of Moldova -Muntyan  E.M.,  Batco  M.G.,  Todiras  N.A.,  Yazlovetsky  I.G. - For the first time in the Republic of Moldova adults of the phytophagous thrips, identified as Echinothrips americanus Morgan, were caught in a greenhouse in 2013. Some systematic morphological particularities of the structure of adults of this invasive species originating from the subtropics of the South-Eastern part of the American continent are given. The probability of adaptation of the E. americanus to the open ground in the Republic of Moldova is discussed. The conclusion is made that the risks of accumulation and spreading of the E. americanus increase in the process of conjoint cultivation of ornamental plants and seedlings of vegetable crops in the commercial greenhouses and plant houses. It is proposed to include this pest in the list of quarantine alien insects of the Republic of Moldova. The necessity of the monitoring species of Thysanoptera in the commercial plant houses and greenhouses is justified.

Seasonal and long-term dynamics of population abundance of the invasive species Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) in the Vistula (Kaliningrad) Lagoon of the Baltic sea- Naumenko  E.N. -Results of long-term observations in the regime of monitoring of abundance dynamics of the invasive species Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov, 1891) in the plankton community of the Vistula (Kaliningrad) Lagoon of the Baltic Sea are presented. Data on size-age structure of the population, individual fecundity, distribution in water area were obtained. It was established the sharp fluctuations in the dynamics of the population abundance, which were caused by hydrological conditions. C. pengoi specimens had larger body size and higher fecundity compared to the specimens of the same species inhabiting the native reservoir and the other recipient reservoirs.

Patterns of secondary range formation for Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum on the territory of Russia - Ozerova  N.A.,  Krivoshein a M.G. -A map of the current distribution of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden on the territory of Russia is composed. It reflects the space and time dynamics of the weed secondary range widening including the data on the territories not favorable for its invasion. It is shown that intentional introduction was of the main importance in the modern secondary range formation of the weed. It led firstly to local distribution of the plant on agricultural areas in few areas of the USSR, which were the centers of cultivation of this plant as a fodder crop, and further - to “escapement from culture” and distribution of the plant initially near the centers of its cultivation and then - to uncontrolled widening of the invasive range of Heracleum sosnowskyi. The species is still mainly connected with synanthropic habitats than natural ones, and forms monospecific thickets on great areas. It is noted that another species of the giant hogweeds – Heracleum mantegazzianum – was also intentionally introduced in the territory of Russia although at a significantly lesser degree.

Features of naturalization of alien plants in the North-west of Privolzhskaya Vozvyshennost’ - Pismarkina  E. V.,  Silaeva  T.B. -The paper presents data on taxonomic composition and features of naturalization of alien flora in the northwest of the Privolzhskaya Vozvyshennost' (Volga Upland). We have found that more southern regions of Eurasia are the main source of alien plants penetration into the northwestern part of the Privolzhskaya Vozvyshennost'. Groups of alien species are distinguished according to their invasive status on the basis of integral assessment of their naturalization, taking into account the following three parameters: distribution area, ecologic and phytocenotic confinement, and alien plant fastness in local plant communities. The biotopic structure of the alien flora has been revealed. We presents the list of plants included into the Black Data Book of the flora of the Central Part of European Russia, which are not registered on the studied territory, and recommendations for the black-lists compilation for the administrative regions in the northwest of the Privolzhskaya Vozvyshennost'.

The expansion of Moina micrura Kurz, 1875 (Crustacea: Moinidae) in the Russian part of the Vistula Lagoon (Baltic sea)- Semenova  A.S.,  Tchougounov  Vl.K. -Moina micrura Kurz, 1875(Crustacea: Cladocera), a new for the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea species, was found there for the first time. Within recent years M. micrura has formed a stable opportunistic population, which can become dominant in zooplankton at optimal abiotic and trophic conditions. The continuing eutrophication of the Vistula Lagoon as well as a local climate warming noted in recent decades are obviously the main reasons for the successful naturalization of this species in this water body.

Formation of artificial communities for ballast water management systems testing in accordance with requirements of International Maritime Organization - Silkin  V.A.,  Pautova  L.A.,  Fedorov  A.V.,  Shitikov  E.A.,  Drozdov  V.V.,  Lukasheva  T.A.,  Zasko D.A. -The International Maritime Organization (IMO), in its 2004 convention, imposes stringent requirements on the quality of seawater used in the testing of Ballast Water Management System (BWMS). They concern the number of plankton organisms of two size groups: 10–50 μm and more than 50 μm, and also taxonomic composition (at least 5 species of three taxonomic types). Marine phytoplankton has a wide variety of sizes and morphological forms of cells, which makes it difficult to apply the size imperative adopted by IMO. It is proposed to formalize the dimensional criterion by calculating the equivalent spherical diameter. The real test of the BWMS in 2017 set the task of assessing the compliance of natural water with these quality standards. According to the results of annual monitoring in the northeastern part of the Black Sea, it is shown that the species diversity of phytoplankton in the size group of 10–50 μm always meets the necessary requirements, but its number is two orders of magnitude lower than required. In this case, simultaneous presence of representatives of three different systematic groups in the initial water is not always observed. This poses the task of modifying the water by adding cultivated species. The work used an intensive culture of green algae, which allowed to increase the number of cells to the level corresponding to IMO requirements, and also to add a representative of another taxonomic group. Taxonomic diversity in the size group above 50 microns is sufficient and is provided by species diversity of zooplankton, however the contribution of these organisms to the total population is not large (no more than 3%). The necessary number of representatives of this size group was ensured by the cultivation of large dinoflagellates.

Monitoring of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. distribution in the meadow phytocenosis of Kabardino-Balkaria republic (the Central Caucasus)- Chadaeva  V.A.,  Shhagapsoeva  K.A.,  Tsepkova  N.L.,  Shhagapsoev  S.H. -Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is an aggressive adventive quarantine species, widespread in the southern regions of Russia. Within the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, freshly-plowed meadows and fresh deposits after cereals of the lowland zone, weedy places are the optimal conditions for species spreading. Common ragweed actively penetrates into disturbed by anthropogenic activity meadow phytocenoses, and spreads recently in the mountain regions of republic. Based on the study of ecological-cenotical and ecological-biological features of A. artemisiifolia, the recommendations on restriction of the species distribution within Kabardino-Balkaria have been developed.