Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2012, issue № 1

CONTENTS

Invasions of higher crustaceans (Crustacea: Malacostraca) in waters of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) - Berezina N.A., Petryashev V.V. - Paper analyzes literature and own data about current distribution of alien species of malacostracan crustaceans including representatives from the orders Amphipoda, Mysidacea, Isopoda, Cumacea, Decapoda in the Gulf of Finland (eastern part of the Baltic Sea). By present 12 alien species were recorded in this area. Also 7 species of malacostracans are known as actively spreading species in neighboring regions and therefore as potential invaders to the Gulf of Finland. Invasion history of the alien species and possible vector of their expansion from original area to the study area are discussed.

Study of microorganisms coming into the port of Vladivostok with ships' ballast water - Buzoleva L.S., Letyagina A.V., Zvyaginсev A.U., Kashin I.A. - Study of heterotrophic and sanitary indicative bacteria number and variety were conducted in ballast waters of the tankers "Minotaur" and «Sunrise Wisteria» arrived from China and Japan. It was established that the ballast waters incoming into the port of Vladivostok from Japanese ports, were less polluted, than waters from the Chinese ports which during the summer were defined as "dirty" and "very dirty". Depending on degree of pathogenicity of microflora the ports-donors can be represented in the following row: Nantong > Lunkou > Yangchou > Lajchzhou > Mizushima > Iwakuni > Kawasaki. In ballast waters from tanker "Minotaur" enterobacteria, which number exceeded the sanitary code (in 40 and more times), and gram-negative mobile rod-shaped bacteria with enzymatic type of metabolism, resistant to heavy metals and antibiotics that characterizes places of their inhabitancy as insufficiently sated with the oxygen, polluted by industrial and household water wastes were isolated. Sanitary indicative microorganisms have been presented mainly by enterobacteria Hafnia (37 %), Enterobacter liqueface (22 %), Citrobacter (15 %), Shigella (7 %). According to indicators of the cytolytic test representatives of Shigella, Hafnia, Citrobacter and Salmonella genera have the highest level of pathogenicity of bacteria.

On expansion of gobi fishes (Neogobius and Proterorhinus) in shallow shore areas of Kuybyshev Water Reservoir, Russia - Galanin I.F. - New findings and expansion of tubenose, round and Caspian bighead gobies (Neogobius and Proterorhinus) in the Volga and Kama reaches of the Kuybyshev Water Reservoir are considered. Appearances of new fish species and their expansion differences show increasing in invasion processes during the last decade.

New ichthyological findings in Armenia - Levin B.A. and Roubenyan H.R. - Three new species of fish were found in southeastern Armenia. Presence of the Kura gudgeon Romanogobio macropterus is reconfirmed again after 80 years of absence. The Kura roach Rutilus caspicus, Transcaucasian white bream Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica as well as European pikeperch Sander lucioperca were detected for the first time. All species were registered in the Aras River. Kura gudgeon was caught in 2008 just before filling of Aras Reservoir. Other species were found during filling period in 2010. Attempts to find the Kura gudgeon were failed in the Aras R. and its nearest tributaries in 2010 after damming and change of hydrological regime. Probably penetration of species from the lower reach of the Aras R. to the middle and upper reach is occurred due to further establishment of broad limnetic zones after damming. Range expansion of widely distributed cyprinid species upstream can lead to the substitution and even disappearing of local endemic forms, the Armenian roach Rutilus schelkovnikovi and the Armenian white bream Blicca bjoerkna derjavini, which inhabit the Mezamor River and close related canals.

Indices of hydromineral metabolism in tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus Pallas introduced in the Rybinsk Reservoir and aboriginal carp Cyprinus carpio L. in depending on salinity of environment - Martemyanov V.I., Borisovskaya E.V. - In indigenous carp and tubenose goby installed in Rybinsk water reservoir only the freshwater pattern of osmotic and ionic regulation occurs. The carp tolerates direct transfer from the fresh to distilled water. The tubenose goby does not tolerate 8-fold gradual dilution of fresh water of Rybinsk water reservoir, perishing because of excessive loss of sodium from its organism. It evidences that the initial mother population of tubenose goby is the inhabitant of the medium of higher mineralization. In such conditions in fishes adaptable abilities to survival in water of low mineralization could not be generated. In limits of tolerant range of salinity the water content in organism of carp and tubenose goby is sustained at a stable level, testifying about normal functioning of osmotic regulation. In critical zone of salinity the dehydration of organism is observed, pointing out to the problems connected with osmotic regulation. Accordingly, in carp and tubenose goby, the tolerant range of salinity reaches up to 8 and 12 g/l NaCl, and the critical range is in limits of 8–12 g/l and 12–16 g/l NaCl. The tubenose goby tolerates higher salinity, which borders for tolerant zone as well as for critical one are higher by 4 g/l than those for carp. Such abilities of tubenose goby could be generated only in conditions of the raised salinity of medium, specifying that the initial mother population of this species is the inhabitant of salty waters of the Caspian Sea.

Some hematological parameters of Perccottus glenii (Dybowski, 1877) from Lake Krugloe and Lake Plyajnoe of Samara Region - Mineev A.K. - The results of haematological study of Perccottus glenii from Lake Krugloe and Lake Plyajnoe of Samara Region in 2010 are presented. Information about violations in morphology of red blood cells in adult male individuals and fries of fishes is obtained. Deviations of the basic indexes of white blood cell formula from a norm in adult male individuals and fries of fishes are studied.

Analysis of effectiveness of pelagic fish species invasions into the Volga River reservoirs - Slynko Yu.V., Kiyashko V.I. - Since the time of formation of the cascade of the Volga River reservoirs two pelagic species of fishes – lake smelt and kilka – have been settled. The comparative analysis of the sequences and speeds of moving of these two species along the cascade was carried out. Their role in the structure of the fish pelagic community was estimated. It is established, that after a long period of the range expansion and escalation of the lake smelt number, almost full reduction of its areal and number in the Volga basin has occurred by present. On the contrary, kilka not only has mastered all the water basins of the cascade, but also preserves dominating position in the structure of pelagic fish communities in most cases. The connection of the changes of areas and numbers with global climatic changes for both species was revealed. On the basis of the analysis of long-term data on the structure of fish pelagic community in the Rybinsk Reservoir, the estimation of invasion effectiveness since the time of its formation for lake smelt and kilka was carried out. It was established, that kilka in naturalization parameters proved to be a more effective invader than a lake smelt. Possible biological and ecological preconditions for a greater invasion success for kilka compared to lake smelt are analyzed.

Peculiarities of biology of adventive for Europe ambrosia beetle Anisandrus maiche Stark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the territory of Ukraine - Terekhova V.V., Skrylnik Yu.Ye. - Study results on biology of Anisandrus maiche Stark (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the territory of Ukraine are presented. A. maiche is the Far Eastern species, an alien element for European fauna. First it was founded on European territory in Ukraine in 2007. Host plants for A. maiche and some peculiarities of its biology and ecology were studied by us for the first time in Europe. Quercus borealis Michx., Quercus robur L., Populus tremula L. as host plants for A. maiche are registered for the first time. In the territory of Ukraine, A. maiche is found locally in natural and transformed by man biotopes.

Distribution of alien fish species in the lakes within temperate climatic zone of Western Siberia - Yadrenkina E.N. - Fish population composition of different type lakes in temperate climatic zone of Western Siberia was studied. Patterns of region settling by different species in the aspect of geographic zoning have been revealed: out of 19 species only 7 ones live within the limits of the whole region – pike Esox lucius, roach Rutilus rutilus, ide Leuciscus idus, minnow Phoxinus percnurus, tench Tinca tinca, golden carp Carassius carassius and perch Perca fluviatilis. Most stable in fish species composition is the forest-swamp zone, which populations are formed only by representatives of aboriginal fauna. In the lakes of forest-steppe and steppe zones as a result of introduction, 6 alien species have naturalized– verhovka Leucaspius delineatus, bleak Alburnus alburnus, bream Abramis brama, silver carp (crucian) Carassius auratus gibelio, carp Cyprinus carpio, pike-perch Sander lucioperca. Amur sleeper Perccottus glenii and ponds eel Misgurnus nikolskyi settle the waterbodies of forest-steppe zone by self-spreading. At present a part of invasive species within forest-steppe zone and steppe zone constitutes 47% and 43% of fish species resources, respectively. The vector of spatial distribution of alien species is directed from the East to the West within the forest-steppe zone, which is evident from the composition of expanding species, natural range of which is the territories of the Far East.

Alien flora in Amur Region (historical pattern of formation and research) - Aistova Е.V. - The article provides a brief analysis of alien flora in Amur Region, describes historical pattern of its formation and research. From 1855 to 2009 there were 217 species, 51 of which became completely extinct at different times, 32 species are only documented by records and 7 are still unidentified. At present the invasive flora in the region is represented by 127 species comprised in 94 genera and 27 families.