Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2017, issue № 1

CONTENTS

History, rate and factors of invasion of lime leafminer Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963) (Lepidoptera, Racillariidae) in Eurasia - Ermolaev  I.V.,  Rubleva  E.A.  -This study looks into the history, rate and factors of the invasion of lime leafminer Phyllonorycter issikii Kumata, 1963 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Eurasia. For 27 years (since 1985 to 2011), the range of leafminer in Europe and Western Siberia had reached 4 086 000 km2 or 60.4% of the total range of aboriginal species of the Tilia genus. This study finds that the leafminer undergoes three stages of invasion (appearance, establishment and spread) over a period of three years. The maximum rate of invasion (from 80 to 85 km. per year) was observed mainly to the west and east of the recipient range. The study demonstrates that the rate of invasion slows down on the boundary of a host-plant range. The high rate of invasion of the lime leafminer Ph. issikii is associated with the following conditions: wide spreading of plantations of host plants, absence of the regulating influence from representatives of the third trophic level and direct competitors of the leafminer. Besides, high reproductive potential of the leafminer, specific nature of expansion (anemochory) and possibility of transformation of the ratio of intra-population forms under influence of population density also favor this process.

Find of Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Burckhardt, 1913 in the Peter the Great Bay, the sea of Japan - Kasyan  V.V. - Density and distribution of a new to the fauna of the part of the Sea of Japan copepod species, Pseudodiaptomus inopinus Burckhardt, 1913 (more precisely, in the Razdolnaya River estuary of the Amursky Bay and Poset Bay of the Peter the Great Bay), were studied. The first copepods in Razdolnaya River estuary were found in August 2005 (density up to 225 indiv./m3). The highest density of copepods (up to 354 indiv./m3) in Razdolnaya River estuary was observed in August 2015. It can be assumed that the species has been introduced with the ballast water of commercial ships. The contribution of P. inopinus to all zooplankton communities from 2005 to 2015 increased from 3 to 7% and indicated its gradual naturalization in the bay ecosystem.

Population surge of zigzag elm sawfly (Aproceros leucopoda (Takeuchi, 1939): Hymenoptera: Argidae) in nothern sea of Azov region - Martynov  V.V.,  Nikulina  T.V.  - Zigzag elm sawfly Aproceros leucopoda (Takeuchi, 1939) is a dangerous invasive pest of elm trees, which quickly spreads in Europe. The initial range of A. leucopoda covers Japan, the east of China, Korean Peninsula and Russian Far East. In the territory of Ukraine the species was found for the first time in 2006 in Lugansk region. The first population surge of Zigzag elm sawfly was registered in artificial plantations of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) at Donetsk and Zaporozh'e regions in the summer of 2014. It led to complete defoliation of plantations at a large area. The wide distribution, quantity and scale of damage testify that the species had become naturalized completely in the region. The appearance of new dangerous pest demands the development and adoption of measures to control pest populations.

Main trends of invasion process in beetles (Coleoptera) of European Russia - Orlova-Bienkowskaja  M. Ja.  - Analysis of own and literature data has allowed to reveal main trends of invasions of beetles in European Russia. One hundred and sixty eight alien species of beetles from 30 families have been recorded in the region. One hundred and two of them are pests. Analysis of the information revealed main trends of invasions of beetles in European Russia. The following biotopes are typical for alien beetles of European Russia: houses, agrocnoses, biocenoses of cities and other settlements and ruderal biotopes. More than 50% of species occur also in native biotopes: forests, animal shelters etc. No one species has become a key species, i.e. does not drastically change native communities. But five species of tree pests, which were inadvertently introduced from East Asia in the last decades, could potentially become key species and inflict a serious damage to the forests of European Russia: Agrilus planipennis (Buprestidae), Trichoferus campestris (Cerambycidae), Anisandrus maiche (Curculionidae, Scolytinae), Xyleborinus attenuatus (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) и Xylosandrus germanus (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). The main vector of invasion of beetles to the region is an unintentional introduction. About half of species are introduced to European Russia with imported products of plant and animal origin, about 25% – with plant substrates (straw, compost etc.), about 10% – with wood, about 14% – with alive plants, less than 5% of species are intentionally introduced. Native ranges of alien beetles of European Russia are situated in Mediterranean region, East and South-East Asia, Middle Asia, Africa, South and North America, West Europe and Australia. The highest number of species (about 20%) originates from East Asia. The most of alien beetles were introduced to European Russia not directly from their native ranges, but from their invasive ranges in other European countries. In the latest 20 years the number of new alien species originating from East Asia has increased. The number of new direct invasions from this region has also increased. The regions in which the most new beetle species alien to European Russia were found are Krasnodar territory and Adygea (14 species) and Moscow region (8 species). The process of invasion of beetles to European Russia is accelerating. More alien beetles appeared in European Russia in the recent 20 years then in the same periods in the past. Forty two new alien species including 23 pest species appeared. The percentage of new alien species connected with living plants has been constantly increasing since the middle of the 20th century and is more than 50% in the recent 20 years. This tendency is connected with the increase of import of plants. Wide ranges are typical for alien beetles. About 80% of alien beetle species of European Russia have established not only in Europe, but also in other parts of the world, more than 50% have become cosmopolitan. The distribution of an alien species is usually fast: the species spreads to thousands of kilometers in several decades.

Invasive and potentially invasive plants of the middle Volga region - Senator  S.A.,  Saksonov  S.V.,  Vasjukov  V.M.,  Rakov  N.S.  -The article presents a list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the flora of the Middle Volga Region (in Samara and Ulyanovsk regions) for the first time. The list includes 59 species distributed in groups according to their activity, features of interaction with native species and the nature of occupied habitats. For the most species, it is found the time of entering to the flora of the region. Some theoretical aspects of black-list conducting are discussed.

Genetic analysis of population structure of invasive north american mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) in the Black sea – Caspian region - Simakova  U.V.,  Zalota  A.K. , Spiridonov  V.A.  - The structure of a fragment (523 nucleotide pairs) of the gene of the 1st subunit of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI) has been studied in the populations of invasive crab R. harrisii (family Panopeidae) that established in the basins of the Azov-Black and Caspian seas in 1930–1950s. In the samples of 6 populations from this region, 4 haplotypes (A, B, T, Lerm1) have been found. One of them has been unique (Lerm1) to the northern part of the Black Sea. Haplotype T has only been found in the Black and Caspian seas region, while haplotype A is found in almost all European populations. Only 4 substitutions have been observed in the sampled sequence, one of which is non-synonymous and there have been 3 polymorphic sites. The diversity of haplotypes (h) of the Black/Caspian seas region population (from 0.181±0.143 to 0.475±0.098) is significantly lower than this in the other European populations, where the value of h ranged from 0.563±0.063 to 0.795±0.065, and in North American populations (from 0.725±0.083 to ± 1 0). Harris crab populations of the Black/Caspian seas region have a common origin, and differ in their genetic structure from populations of the rest of introduction area in Europe. The population of the Caspian Sea originates directly from the Sea of Azov populations and, possibly, there have been numerously repeated exchange events due to shipping vector. The populations in the estuaries of rivers Shapsuho and Vulan in the north-eastern Black Sea might be isolated since their haplotype composition is slightly different from other populations in the region.

About red king crab distribution in the White Sea Throat - Stesko  A.V.,  Manushin  I.E.  -The article presents new data of the red king crab distribution in the White Sea according to the results of trap surveys 2015–2016. King crab was observed at the depths of 44–54 meters at the bottom salinity of 29.2‰ and the bottom temperature of 6.7 ^°C. Catches of crab in the White Sea throat constituted up to 8.7 ind. / trap. In the catches, the females without calves and male crabs including specimens of commercial size were present.
Invasion of the red king crab in the Throat of the White Sea is discussed. Assumptions about the annual crab migration from the Funnel into the Throat are given. The possible existence of a stable crab group living in the northern part of the White Sea Throat is suggested.