Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2019, issue № 3

CONTENTS

The influence of anoxia on the content and composition of carotinoids in the tissues of the bivalve invader Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906)- Borodina  A.V.,  Soldatov A.A. - Under the experimental conditions, the unfluence of experimental anoxia on the content and qualitative composition of carotenoids in the tissues of the bivalve invader Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) was investigated. The oxygen content in the water was lowered by bubbling it with nitrogen for 5 hours. Exposure lasted three days. Tissue samples (gills, foot, hepatopancreas) were taken before the experiment (control), as well as on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of the experiment. The water temperature was maintained at 16–17 °C. It is shown that through anoxia, carotenoids are redistributed in favor of respiratory surfaces. In the gills, the proportion of pink-scarlet pigments increases: pectenolone and its esters (pectenolone complex). In all studied organs under anoxia conditions, the relative content of pectenolone esters significantly increases, and there is also a slight increase in the levels of allo-, diatho-, and zeaxanthin esters.

On the issue of hybridogenic origin of Bidens × decipiens  Warnst- Galkina  M.A.,  Vinogradova  Yu.K. -By analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the ITS nuclear site, the hybrid origin of the Bidens × decipiens species, previously referred to the North American alien species B. connata, was confirmed. The name "B. connata" is indicated as ineligible for a taxon that does not grow in North America. Previously, we tested the hypothesis of hybrid origin of B. × decipiens using the ISSR analysis and revealed that B. × decipiens can be considered as a complex of hybrids and backcrosses of B. cernua and B. frondosa. Analysis of the ITS nuclear site and the trnL-trnF chloroplast site confirmed the hybrid origin of this taxon and made it possible to establish that B. cernua is the maternal species, and B. frondosa with a high probability is the paternal species of the taxon.

First record of Eustrongylides excisus (Dorylaimea: Dioctophymatidae) in fish of the Rybinsk Reservoir - Zhokhov  A.E.,  Pugacheva  M.N. -The data on the find of Eustrongylides excisus larvae-IV in 2015 from ruff of the Rybinsk Reservoir (Yaroslavl oblast, Russia) are presented. The appearance of this nematode in the reservoir is associated with the expansion of the range of the cormorant, its main definitive host. E. excisus is another parasite species with northward expansion in the Volga Basin.

Spreading of alien ponto-caspian zooplankton species in reservoirs of the Volga and Kama rivers- Lazareva  V.I. -In August 2015–2017, zooplankton was studied in eight reservoirs of the Volga River and an unregulated part of the river between the cities of Volgograd and Astrakhanand in three reservoirs of the Kama River. The Ponto-Caspian species were recorded in the Volga River downstream of the city of Kazan (southward of 55° 32′ N) and in the Kama River from the mouth to the upper reaches of the Kama Reservoir (59° 20′ N). Six alien species (Heterocope caspia, Calanipeda aquaedulcis,Eurytemora caspica,Cornigerius maeoticus maeoticus,Cercopagis pengoi, and Podonevadne trigona ovum) were recorded in the Volga reservoirs and three species (Heterocope caspia, Eurytemora caspica, and Cercopagis pengoi) in the Kama reservoirs. It was first found that copepods Heterocope caspia and Eurytemora caspica spread and naturalized in the area of all three Kama reservoirs (within 1000 km from the Volga River); the cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi formed a disrupted range with a group of habitats in the mouth part of the Kama River (55° 12′ ? 55° 26' N) and northward near the city of Perm (57° 53′ ? 58° 26′ N). The boundary of ranges of Calanipeda aquaedulcis, Cornigerius maeoticus, and Cercopagis pengoi shifted 300?400 km to the north in the Volga River and 300 km in the Kama River; they occupied almost all area of the Kuibyshev Reservoir except upper reaches of its Volga part. The range expansion of the cladoceran Podonevadne trigona ovum was not observed; the species was found only in the Volgograd Reservoir (46° 18′ N). It was established that by 2015 the Mediterranean copepod Calanipeda aquaedulcis had become common (occurrence in more than 90% of samples), locally numerous in the Volga River from the city of Astrakhan (52° N) to the mouth of the Kama River (55° 12′ N) and in the Kama River from the mouth to the upper reaches of the Kama part of the Kuibyshev Reservoir (55° 24′ N). It is finally established that not E. affinis as it was considered earlier but a new species Eurytemora caspica (described in 2013) inhabits the Volga and Kama rivers. The perspectives of the further spread of Ponto-Caspian species upstream the Volga and Kama rivers and their role in the zooplankton in water bodies is discussed.

Comparative analysis of predatory behavior of invasive alien Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) and native Gammarus varsoviensis Jazdzewski, 1975 amphipods- Lipinskaya  T.P.,  Makarenko  A.I.-Alien amphipods were found in Belarus in the early 2000-s. During long-term macrozoobenthos community observations in the rivers, a decrease of native amphipods occurrence was revealed in the southern part of Belarus. To find an explanation of the process, a laboratory experiment was conducted to reveal the predatory effects of invasive alien (Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894)) and native (Gammarus varsoviensis Jazdzewski, 1975) species on some macrozoobenthic groups and to compare predation rate of amphipods. In addition, experiments on interspecies interaction of two species of amphipods were done. It was found that native and invasive alien amphipods consumed the same number of macrozoobenthic groups. Maximal predation rates of gammarids were determined and there was no significant difference between invasive alien and native species. Mean predation rate for invasive alien species that consumed adults was lower than mean predation rate for invasive alien species that consumed juveniles. On the basis of experimental data it could be suggested that one of the main factors of the disappearance of G. varsoviensis in some parts of the rivers where it was previously found, was a direct predatory pressure of D. villosus or other similar alien amphipod species (e.g. D.  haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841)) on this species.

Distribution of adventive plants by spayrochoria in agrocenosis of the Tomsk region  - Mikhailova  S.I.,  Ebel  T.V.,  Ebel  A.L.-The results of the herbological analyzes of the seed lots of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia received in the trading networks of the Tomsk region are presented. The species composition of weedy plants which are able to spread by spairochory is revealed. A high degree of weed infestation of green manure seeds, including diasporas of invasive and potentially invasive species (as well as quarantine plants) has been recorded. In seed lots of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia supplied to the Tomsk region in 2017–2018 from the European part of Russia and the Siberian Federal District, diasporas of 58 weed species were found, among which 9 species are invasive, including one quarantine species (Acroptilon repens). Along with a large diversity of weed species, a high total contamination (from 340 to 86 500 pcs / kg) of green manure seeds, including the most harmful weeds, is noted. For example, diasporas of 7 weeds species recognized as dangerous, and one species especially dangerous for products of plant origin, were present in the studied samples of Sinapis alba and Phacelia tanacetifolia. A large threat is also posed by the contamination of the studied green manure seeds by weeds with a pronounced dormant period, the seeds of which replenish the soil bank of agrocenoses, ensuring their contamination for many years to come. To ensure the agro-safety of the region, strict control of the contamination of imported seed lots and the culling and preventing the sale of heavily clogged samples are necessary.

Downstream migration of juvenile fish associated with the drift of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) - Nezdoly  V.K.,  Pavlov  D.S. -Passive downstream migration of juvenile fish, associated with the invasive species (water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes) was investigated in the delta of Mekong River. It was shown that the behavioral program of juveniles, aimed to the leaving of the coastal attached vegetation and entering into the transit water flow for migration, was persisted in the case with the drift of the flowing water hyacinth also. In general, the passive downstream migration has three components: the drift of juveniles with thickets of water hyacinth; the entering of juveniles into the transit water flow during the twilight-nocturnal period from coastal biotopes; the entering of juveniles into the transit water flow during the twilight-nocturnal period from the drifting thickets of hyacinth. It was noted that downstream migrations of juvenile fish associated with the drift of the flowing water hyacinth in the Mekong delta could be ended up by the massive death of juvenile fish under their carrying out to the sea.

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Development of invasive weeds Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and A. trifida L. (Asteraceae) in Moscow region - Petrova  S.E.  - New data on the structure of seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal and generative individuals of invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia and A. trifida, and the time of their transition to different age stages in Moscow and Moscow region were obtained. These data can help in recognition of plants at different stages of their ontogenesis in nature and in their timely control. It has been shown that both species have a high germination rate; however, the pace of development differs, which affects the time of flowering and fruit ripening. For A. artemisiifolia, the duration of growing season in Moscow and the region is not enough to form mature seeds, while A. trifida in these conditions sets high-grade fruits and seeds with high germination capacity. The main propagation path of A. artemisiifolia fruits from the southern regions to the north is the railways. A. trifida seed’s drift is mainly associated with wheeled transport, transportation and processing of grain. It has been suggested that A. trifida can potentially be rather dangerous plant for the north-eastern regions of Central Russia as an invasive species that in a case of massive introduction of diasporas can occupy large areas in disturbed and natural communities and form stable self-renewing populations. The northward movement of A. artemisiifolia is more problematic. However, in consideration of wide adaptive potential of the species including the shortening of development cycle, the formation of early maturing and female forms, it can be concluded that naturalization of the species in the north-eastern regions of Russia is also possible. 

Characteristics of mitotic chromosomes of Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846)(Gastropoda, Muricidae)  -Pirkova  A.V. - Predatory gastropod mollusk Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) was brought from the Sea of Japan to the Black Sea; it has spread in lots of areas of the World Ocean. The article presents the description of the karyotype in embryonic cells. There are 70 chromosomes in rapa whelk karyotype belonging to the following three morphological groups: metacentric (32), submetacentric (36), and telocentric (2) chromosomes, which are from 1.499 ± 0.019 to 5.575 ± 0.125 microns in length. The length of haploid chromosome set is 100.783 microns. Multiple type of crossing provides high genetic diversity of R. venosa that explains the adaptive capabilities of the species reproductive strategy and its eurybioticity.

Records of synanthropic species of alien beetles (Coleoptera) in the anthills of genus Formica-Sazhnev  A.S.,  Turbanov  I.S.- For the first time two alien species of beetles, obligate synanthropes, namely Attagenus smirnovi Zhantiev, 1973 (Dermestidae) and Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792) (Ptinidae), were revealed in the anthills (genus Formica). These records widen the spectrum of biotopes inhabited by these species outside their native ranges and specify their adaptive abilities under the moving of invaders to the north.

The invasion of the American rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) into Vygozersky reservoir (Republic of Karelia) -Syarki  M.T.- The American rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) in the Vygozersky reservoir, which is still its most northern habitat in Russia, is found. The Vygozersky reservoir is located at 63° north latitude and refers to the White Sea catchment basin. It is a part of the White Sea-Baltic Channel (BBK). The first single individual of K. bostoniensis was noted in July 2007. In the summer of 2011 rotifers were found in the pelagic zone of almost all lake regions, but were absent in the littoral zone and in the reservoir inflows. Rotifers occurred in all areas of the reservoir in August 2017 and their number had grown up to 100–780 ind./m³. The number of aboriginal species Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott, 1879) was 5–76 times greater than that of invasive rotifers in dependence on conditions. The rotifer invasion into the Vygozersky reservoir could occur by bird migrations or water transport. The reservoir is a key area along the White Sea-Baltic span and migration routes. At the same time, the reservoir is a part of the BBK with active water transport traffic.

The ability of terrestrial mollusks of the Moscow region to feed on invasive species of the genus Solidago (S. canadensis, S. gigantea) -Ustinova  E.N.- For successful distribution in the secondary range, invasive plant species must overcome the biotic resistance of environment, which can be effectively made by the unspecialized herbivores. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to study the ability of such generalist phytophages as terrestrial mollusks to feed on the invasive goldenrod species (Solidago canadensis L. and S. gigantea Aiton). A significant number of terrestrial mollusks of six species were found on the stems and leaves of the goldenrods, but most of them were unable to feed on those plants in the laboratory. Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müll) (Bradybaenidae) and Deroceras sp. (Agriolimacidae) are able to feed on the goldenrods, but they do not choose them when have alternatives. Most likely, in natural populations snails and slugs have little effect on the vital activity of S. canadensis and S. gigantea and are not capable of suppressing the expansion of these species.