Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2022, issue №1

CONTENTS

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL POTENTIAL OF AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L. DISTRIBUTION TO THE NORTH OF THE EUROPEAN RUSSIA BASED ON A COMPARISON OF THE NORTHERN BOUNDARIES OF THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RANGES - Afonin  A.N.,  Baranova O.G.,  Fedorova  Y.A.,  Abramova  L.M.,  Boshko  T.F.,  Kotsareva  N.V.,  Li  Yu.S.,  Milyutina  E.A. , Pikalova  N.A.,  Prokhorov  V.E.,  Senator  S.A.    - During the expeditionary research, we specified the modern actual border of naturalization of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the European territory of Russia. This border passes through Kursk Region, as well as the north of Voronezh and Saratov regions. The total length of the expeditionary routes was around 8900 km with 777 locations surveyed. In order to identify the potential for its further spread to the north we performed comparative ecological and geographical analysis and modeling of the ragweed distribution in the north of its secondary range in the European Russia and in the primary range in Canada. Insufficient heat supply during the seed ripening period is the main factor limiting the spread of ragweed to the north. To determine the ecological and geographic niche of ragweed, we compiled a global map of the distribution of accumulated degree days above 10 °C for the period from the transition of the day length under 14 hours to the stable frosts in autumn (ADDfp). The ADDfp values were determined at the northernmost points of naturalization of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the European Russia and in Canada. Comparison of the ecological and geographical boundaries regarding the heat supply in the European Russia and in Canada showed that the ecological and geographical niche realized by ragweed in the North America is now generally wider than the one on the European Russia. We considered the possible reasons for the under-occupation of a potential ecological niche in the European Russia and made assumptions about the possibility of its further spread to the north. Regarding the factor of heat supply in the European Russia, ragweed can spread further to the north - in Bryansk, Oryol, Lipetsk, Tambov, Saratov, Orenburg regions, southern half of Penza Region, the south of Ulyanovsk and Samara regions and Bashkortostan. Additional difficulties with the species’ distribution in the northeastern direction in the European Russia can be attributed to an adverse effect of an additional factor: insufficient moisture supply, since in the Saratov Region and to the east ragweed is in the ecological pessimum simultaneously in terms of heat and moisture supply at its northern limit of distribution.

FIRST FIND OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALLAS, 1771) (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA) IN SIBERIA - Babushkin  E.S.,  Vinarski  M.V., Gerasimova  A.A.,  Ivanov  S.N.,  Sharapova  T.A.  -In August – October 2021, mollusks of one of the most active and widely spread alien species on a global scale, Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), were found for the first time in the Pyshma River on the territory of the West Siberian Plain. The first find in Siberia was made in a watercourse with a natural thermal regime and contained individuals of different size and age groups, which could be an indirect evidence of successful naturalization of the species.

ALIEN SPECIES AS PART OF THE ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE IVANOVO REGION - Barinov  S.N.  -The review of data on alien species of ichthyofauna of the Ivanovo Region, Russia, is presented. In the composition of the ichthyofauna of the Ivanovo Region, 14 alien species were recorded, nine species of which were successfully naturalized in natural communities. Of those ones that naturalized successfully, only 2 species have fully integrated into the structure of the biotopes of the territory under consideration and inflict harm to the aboriginal ichthyofauna.

CLIMATIC PREREQUISITES FOR NATURALIZATION OF MAGNOLIA SIEBOLDII S.L. IN RUSSIA - Bogachev  I.G.,  Tvorogov  S.P.,  Kameneva  L.A.  - The article presents the results of the study of the invasive potential of Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch on the territory of the Botanical Garden - Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BSI FEB RAS). Since 2015, we have observed the emergence of self-seedlings of M. sieboldii in natural ecosystems. This invasive population has a heterogeneous structure and morphometric parameters. Our results show the dependence of the mass appearance of seedlings on phenological shifts caused by modern climatic changes. We used a method of modeling potential habitats to describe changes in the boundaries of the natural range for the period from the last glacial maximum to the future in the short term (2070). A tendency for expansion of M. sieboldii range in the northeastern direction, including potential to distribution of this species over the territory of the Russian Far East has been established.

A NEW SPECIES OF THE AMPHIPOD MELITA LEACH, 1814 (CRUSTACEA: AMPHIPODA: MELITIDAE) FOR THE AZOV-BLACK SEA BASIN - Grintsov  V.A.,  Bondarenko  L.V.,  Timofeev  V.A. -Amphipods of the genus Melita (Melitidae, Amphipoda) were found in the Kerch Strait (Black Sea) in September 2019 and March, July, November 2020. The material was collected in the formations formed by the polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923). The depth ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 m. The individuals found in this site do not belong to the species Melita palmata (Montagu, 1804) known in the Black Sea, but they correspond to the morphological characters of the genus Melita. The species discovered is as close as possible to the species Melita setiflagella Yamato, 1988, whose natural range is located in the estuaries of rivers in Japan. Invasive range covers coastal waters of the Atlantic coast of Europe, the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States and the Atlantic coast of Argentina. Presumably, this invader was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea with ballast waters or by transfer with fouling of ship surfaces. M. cf. setiflagella formed a stable self-reproducing population in the Kerch Strait. Therefore, it is important to monitor the distribution of this amphipod in order to predict the consequences for endemic species and local ecosystems.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF HERACLEUM PERSICUM, H. MANTEGAZZIANUM AND H. SOSNOWSKYI ON THE NORTHERN LIMIT OF ITS SECONDARY RANGE IN EUROPE  - Zakhozhiy  I.G.,  Dalke  I.V.,  Chadin  I.F.,  Kanev  V.A. - The group of plants known as giant hogweeds: Heracleum mantegazzianum, H. persicum and H. sosnowskyi are widely recognized as dangerous alien species in Europe. We have analyzed the climatic conditions on the northern boundary of the secondary range of giant hogweeds group species in Northern Europe. The northernmost areas of growth of H. persicum are localized in the coastal regions of the northern and central parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula (up to 71° NL). Within Fennoscandia, the plants H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi were found up to 69° NL. The natural gradient of climatic parameters within the subarctic and temperate zones in Northern Europe allowed us to assess the ranges of climatic conditions required for the plants in this territory. We have found that the minimum sum of active temperatures values required for these alien plants are >1150 °С (for temperatures above 5 °C) and >450 °С (for temperatures above 10 °C). The heat resource exceeding this level ensures successful growth, development and reproduction of giant hogweeds group species in the climatic conditions of Subarctic Europe. The presence of stable snow cover on the territories with very low air temperatures during winter period prevents buds and seedlings cold damage. Climatic indices calculated as ratio of air temperature and snow depth or winter precipitation can serve as markers reflecting climatic constraints for the expansion of alien giant hogweeds group species in north direction. The main climatic parameters limiting the distribution of these species in Northern Europe are: insufficient sum of active temperatures, seasonal freezing of soils to temperatures critical for wintering organs of plants, late spring and early autumn frosts.

THE FIRST FINDING OF ALIEN SPECIES NEMATUS TIBIALIS NEWMAN, 1873 (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) IN THE SOUTH OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST - Kolyada  N.A.,  Chilakhsayeva  E.A.,  Gninenko  Yu.I.,  Kolyada  A.S.  -In the south of the Russian Far East, an alien North American species Nematus tibialis Newman, 1873, was registered for the first time. The insect develops on the main food plant, Robinia pseudoacacia L., cultivated in the Gorno-Taezhnoye settlement and in the arboretum of the Gorno-Taezhnaya Station of the Federal Research Center of Biodiversity of Terrestrial Biota of East Asia, FEB RAS. The degree of damage is small; one larva is localized on the leaf. There is no decrease in decorativeness. Nevertheless, due to the fairly widespread use of Robinia pseudoacacia in the landscaping of the region, further spread of its phytophage Nematus tibialis is possible. To assess the spread of the pest in the south of the Far East and evaluate the harm it causes, it is necessary to monitor plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia in other settlements of the region.

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FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE POLYCHETE FICOPOMATUS ENIGMATICUS (FAUVEL, 1923) FROM MASS SETTLEMENTS IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE KERCH STRAIT (BLACK SEA) -Kopiy  V.G.,  Zaitseva  O.V.,  Petrov  S.A.  - In September 2019, the polychaeta Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923), formerly known as Mercierella enigmatica Fauvel, 1923, was found in mass colonial settlements in the coastal waters of the Kerch Strait near the Arshintsevskaya Spit. Some workers believe that the original natural distribution of this polychaeta was in brackish water bodies of India. This species is currently known to be widely distributed along the coasts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and of the North, Mediterranean, and Caspian Seas. Only a few isolated individuals of F. еnigmaticus have been found so far along the Crimean coast of the Black Sea, in the coastal zone of Sebastopol and along the Karadag shores. The colonies described in this study do not constitute reef structures yet but have already reached high population numbers. The colony have a diameter of 46 cm and comprise 1774 individuals. The settlements of F. еnigmaticus are true populations represented by individuals of different sizes ranging in length from 2 to 39 mm. The populations include both males and females: males comprise 56% and females 44% of the population. The fecundity of the worms expressed as the number of mature eggs per female depends on the body size and ranges from 5800 eggs for the body size of 12 mm to 24820 eggs for the body size of 29 mm. The present study described the morphology of F. enigmaticus using scanning electron microscopy and identified numerous sensory structures on the surface of the body, gills and the pygidium for the first time. Judging from the presence of a mass settlement of the polychaeta F. еnigmaticus in the coastal waters of the Kerch Strait, it can be presumed that this species has become completely naturalized in the Black Sea. Since this species is eurybiontic, it can be assumed that it will invade the Sea of Azov and adjacent estuaries, river deltas and coastal lakes successfully, which will have an inevitable effect on the life of the local species and the ecosystems in general.

THE FIRST REPORT ABOUT LAPHOSTRONGYLUS RANGIFERI (INVASIVE PARASITIC SPECIES IN REINDEER) IN THE LENINGRAD REGION -Loginova  O. A.,  Belova  L. M.,  Spiridonov  S. E.  - Elaphostrongylus rangiferi is a parasitic nematode specific to reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). In the XXth century, reindeer were not found in the Leningrad Region. However, by 2020, several dozen of them were brought from the Murmansk Region and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and settled in at least seven private menageries. As a result of a study of the feces of 34 imported reindeer carried out in 2018–2021, larvae of nematodes were isolated, whose morphological, morphometric, physiological and biological characteristics corresponded to those of E. rangiferi. The species identification was confirmed by subsequent molecular genetic studies. The discovery of parasite larvae in the feces of the second generation reindeer (born in 2018–2020) indicates the successful completion of the full life cycle of this helminth, which requires a participation of intermediate hosts – terrestrial or freshwater gastropods. A combination of such circumstances as: 1) the appearance of reindeer infested with E. rangiferi in the Leningrad Region; 2) the presence of wild, agricultural and zoo ruminants capable of becoming the definitive hosts for Elaphostrongylus in the Leningrad Region; 3) the spread of the larvae of this parasite as a result of free walking of reindeer in the forest, their lease and resale, the commercial sale of non-disinfected manure; 4) the ability of larvae to maintain viability in feces and infected mollusks for about 2 years, withstanding freezing and drying; 5) high lethality of infested nonspecific hosts due to parasitic encephalomyelitis, pneumonia, etc.; 6) the lack of methods for treating sick animals – endangers the theriofauna of the Leningrad Region.

ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING OF GALINSOGA RUIZ ET PAV. SPECIES IN THE NATIVE AND CAUCASIAN PART OF THE INVASIVE RANGES-Pshegusov  R.H.,  Chadaeva  V.A.  - Adaptations of G. quadriradiata and G. parviflora developed in the tropical climate of the Mexican mountain region determine largely the predicted distribution of the species in the Caucasus. The complex factor of humidity is the main factor determining the potential distribution of G. quadriradiata and G. parviflora in the Caucasus (82 and 48% of the contribution in the Maxent models). Temperature and orographic ENVIREM predictors also play a significant role in the distribution of G. parviflora. The predicted range center of G. quadriradiata is located in the humid climate of the Black Sea coast, G. parviflora – in the relatively moisture foothill and mid-mountain regions of the Western Caucasus. The lowest probability of finding both species is predicted in the lowland (steppe) regions and in the arid climate of the Eastern Caucasus. The invasive potential of G. quadriradiata and G. parviflora in the Caucasus is similar: a high degree of overlapping (Schoener's D = 0.76) and the same width (Levins' B – 0.91 and 0.92) of ecological niches, their visual overlapping in the orthogonal space of the analyzed ecological factors. Differences in the potential spatial distribution of the species in the Caucasus are due to their biological characteristics (greater or lesser sensitivity to water regime and orographic factors).

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PRAWN PALAEMON MACRODACTYLUS (DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE) IN THE DON RIVER DELTA -Statkevich  S.V.  - The first cases of the oriental prawn Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 capture in the Don delta and the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay are described. The first 9 prawns were registered in August 2016, and 2 more prawns were registered in October 2019. Sexually mature specimens were found on sandy and silty soils with water salinity from 0.58 to 5.0‰. The presence of a stable population of P. macrodactylus in the investigated region substantially extends the range of this species in the Azov-Black Sea basin.

THE TICKS HYALOMMA RUFIPES KOCH, 1844 IMPORTATION BY MIGRATORY BIRDS TO THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA – VECTORS OF CRIMEAN-CONGO HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT -Tsapko  N.V.  - Hyalomma rufipes Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) is the main vector of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in southern and eastern Africa. In the spring migrations of birds, immature stages of this species are carried out beyond the range of the parasite and are often found in various countries of Europe. Finds of adult ticks in Europe are single. In June 2018, in the north of the Stavropol Territory, one male of H. rufipes with characteristic features was removed from a cow. Prior to this, single registrations of this species were known on the territory of the Astrakhan Region, Dagestan and the Stavropol Territory in the middle of the last century.

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