Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2022, issue №3

CONTENTS

FREQUENCY AND DEGREE OF DOMINATION OF ALIEN AND NATIVE SPECIES IN SYNANTHROPIC PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA - Akatov  V.V.,  Akatova  T.V.,  Eskina  T.G.,  Sazonets  N.M.,  Chefranov  S.G.   - Despite the steady interest of biologists in the problem of invasions, the role of alien dominants in the formation of the vegetation cover of recipient regions has not yet been quantified. We compared the frequency and degree of dominance of alien and native plant species in nine sites of synanthropic vegetation in the vicinity of several settlements in the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory (the Western Caucasus: the basins of the Belaya, Tuapse, and Agoy rivers; the Kuban-Azov Lowland). Within them, 1950 to 3683 (24847 in total) accounting plots of 1 m² were established, on which the projective cover of the dominant species was estimated. The results showed that in the studied sites of synanthropic communities about 10% of the dominants identified were alien species. Compared to native dominants, they are characterized, on average (per species), by a slightly higher frequency of dominance and achievement of a coverage of more than 80% in most sites. At the same time, on average, for all sites, alien plant species dominate in 12% of the accounting plots (in different sites from 2 to 28%), and they reach coverages of more than 80% only on 2.9% of plots (0.04–7.7%). The species similarity between complexes of alien dominants in different sites is, on average, higher than the similarity of complexes of aboriginal dominants. This means that the strengthening of the positions of alien species leads to an increase in the homogeneity of synanthropic vegetation in southern Russia.

PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF THE AMUR SLEEPER (PERCCOTTUS GLENII) INVASIVE POPULATIONS DURING THE COLONISATION OF WATER BODIES - Baranov  V.Yu.,  Vasil'ev  A.G.  - The variability of the body shape in invasive fish species - Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii) - from natural and anthropogenic water bodies of the Middle Urals with different completeness of the species composition was studied by the use of geometric morphometrics methods. We compared samples of the Amur sleeper from neighboring adjacent water bodies – Lake Shitovskoye and two peat quarries filled with water. Samples of different seasons and years of collection were taken in the lake, which allowed us to correlate the influence of climate and season on the morphogenesis of the Amur sleeper. According to the control catches, the fish community of the lake is represented by 10 species, i.e. it has a poly-species composition: 6 native species (roach, river perch, ruff, tench, crucian carp, and pike) and 4 alien species (bream, belica, Amur sleeper, carp). The share of the Amur sleeper in the control catches in the lake was no more than 3–5%. In the water bodies of peat quarries, oligoid communities of 2 species were formed (Amur sleeper and crucian carp). Discriminant analysis of the body shape of fish from the lake and peat pits allowed us to reveal the origin of 93–98% of individuals. Comparing the samples of the younger (2+–3+ years) and older (4+–7+ years) age groups of fish divided by sex and biotope, different directions of changes in the shape of the Amur sleeper body in ontogenesis were revealed between the biotopic groups. The range of age variability was almost 5 times lesser than the intergroup biotopic differences of fish from ecologically contrasting water bodies. Seasonal and inter-annual intra-population variability of body shape in the Amur sleeper in the lake is significantly lesser pronounced than the intergroup differences between samples from the lake and peat quarries. Sex differences accounted for only 6% of the intergroup variance (3 times lower than the level of age differences), and in the poly-species lake community, sex differences decrease with age, and in the water bodies of quarries, on the contrary, they increase. Within-group morphological disparity (MNND) is significantly higher in samples from peat quarries. The data obtained are of a key character, since they characterize a high degree of phenotypic plasticity of the Amur sleeper and a rapid adaptive restructuring of its morphogenesis to different conditions of natural and anthropogenic water bodies of the Middle Urals.

PHYSELLA ACUTA (DRAPARNAUD, 1805) (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA: PHYSIDAE) IN THE DANHIM RIVER BASIN (LAM DONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM): GENETIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION - Vinarski  M.V.,  Voroshilova  I.S.,  Gusakov  V.A.   - Invasive freshwater molluscs of the genus Physella (Gastropoda: Physidae) were discovered in the basin of the Dong Nai River, Vietnam for the first time. Based on the analysis of morphological features and the nucleotide sequence of the fragment of the COI mitochondrial gene, these molluscs were identified as belonging to the species Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805). The paper summarizes the available information on the distribution of this species in the waterbodies of Vietnam, provides the morphological characteristics of the studied individuals, and compares them with other populations of the species found in tropic and subtropic regions. It is shown that, despite the more than twenty-year history of registration of Physella acuta in Vietnam, the species remains relatively rare in the country's waterbodies. The presence in the studied sample of individuals of different size groups suggests that, in the basin of the Dong Nai River, self-reproducing population of Physella acuta has been established.

BIOMORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMIC STATUS OF ADENOCAULON ADHAERESCENS MAXIM. (ASTERACEAE), AN INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE MOSCOW REGION - Vinogradova  Y.K.,  Galkina  M.A.,  Mayorov  S.R.,  Kartashova  A.S.,  Shelepova  O.V.  - The results of the study of the only species, which "escaped" from the Main Botanical Garden (MBG RAS, Moscow) and invaded the anthropogenically disturbed territories of the Moscow Region, Adenocaulon adhaerescens Maxim, were summarized. The history of intentional introduction of the species and stages of formation of spontaneous invasive population were described. The characteristic of the plant communities and habitats of the species was given. Data on the population size, seed productivity in the native and the secondary ranges and on vegetative propagation of plants were given. The morphological characters at different stages of plant ontogenesis were described. A comparative analysis of morphometric characters of seeds, leaves, and inflorescences in the native and secondary ranges of the species has been performed. Molecular genetic analysis of A. adhaerescens samples from the natural and secondary ranges and closely related species of the genus Adenocaulon was performed. The analysis has confirmed the validity of A. adhaerescens recognition as a separate species. Diagnostic characters of A. adhaerescens were described. The results of management invasive population in MBG RAS were presented and recommendations on control measures of A. adhaerescens dispersal were given.

NEW DATA ON THE SOUTHEASTERN BORDER OF THE INVASIVE RANGE OF AGRILUS PLANIPENNIS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) IN THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA - Volodchenko  A.N. - The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, which is native to East Asia, is a highly destructive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus sp.) in European Russia and North America. This quarantine species is currently spreading in the European part of Russia and in the east of Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to determine the distribution of the species in the south-east of the main part of the invasive range. The material is collected in the Tambov, Voronezh and Volgograd regions of the European part of Russia in 2021. The pest has spread to the central areas of the Tambov region, has almost completely populated the Voronezh region and has penetrated into the north-western part of the Volgograd region. Findings of Agrilus planipennis have shown that the invader continues to spread to the southeast of the European part of Russia. Agrilus planipennis is already located in the immediate vicinity of the regions of the European part of Russia, in which the common ash occupies the largest share in the forest fund. Further expansion will cause significant ecological and economic damage.

DISTRIBUTION OF SOME PONTO-CASPIAN AND ALIEN COPEPODS (CRUSTACEA, COPEPODA) IN PLANKTON OF THE DON RIVER BASIN  - Lazareva  V.I. - In 2018–2019, the zooplankton was studied in the Don River from the source to the mouth including the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, Volga-Don shipping canal, and the upper part of Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov. Habitats of two Ponto-Caspian species of copepods (Heterocope caspia and Eurytemora caspica) and of three alien species, Mediterranean copepod Calanipeda aquaedulcis, a representative of the neritic zone Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa and East Asian euryhaline Thermocyclops taihokuensis were found. For the first time, the findings of T. taihokuensis were recorded in the Don River upstream and downstream of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir and in water bodies of the Volga-Don shipping canal. It is shown that the Ponto-Caspian Eurytemora caspica inhabits the Don River basin and Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov. The European copepod E. affinis which was previously recorded in the region was not found in the studied areas of the basin. The occurrence (>80% of samples) of the Ponto-Caspian species and Calanipeda aquaedulcis was the highest. A recent invader Thermocyclops taihokuensis reached the maximum abundance (>100 000 ind./m³). By an example of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, it is found that the way of the spread of the Ponto-Caspian and alien species in the Don River basin may be large-scale activities on the introduction of planktonic and benthic invertebrates conducted in the 1950-1970s in order to improve the food supply of valuable fish species. The history of dispersal of the studied copepod species and their population characteristics are discussed.

DISTRIBUTION OF AMERICAN ROTIFER KELLICOTTIA BOSTONIENSIS (ROUSSELET, 1908) (ROTIFERA: BRACHIONIDAE) IN WATER BODIES OF THE VOLOGDA REGION - Lobunicheva  E.V.,  Litvin  A.I.,   Zaitceva   V.L., Dumnich  N.V.  -The North American rotifer Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) was found in 14 water bodies (Sheksna reservoir, 10 lakes and 3 streams) of the Vologda Region. In the reservoir, K. bostoniensis was recorded only in the lake part (Lake Beloye), where its number did not exceed 0.1 thousand individuals/m³. The species was found in small lakes differing in genesis, morphology, transparency, color, water activity. The anthropogenic impact on all water bodies is insignificant. In most water bodies, K. bostoniensis and native species Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott, 1879) are living together. As distinct from K. longispina, the alien species is often included in the composition of dominants, accounting for more than 40% of the total abundance of zooplankton in some lakes. K. longispina prevailed over K. bostoniensis only in lakes with a water transparency of more than 1.0 m. The abundance of rotifers in the coastal area was higher in all lakes. The dispersal of K. bostoniensis in the water bodies of the region is obviously associated with bird migration. New finds of rotifers in the Sheksna reservoir indicates its possible spread along the route of the Volga-Baltic waterway.

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EXPANSION OF ORIENTAL SHRIMP PALAEMON MACRODACTYLUS RATHBUN, 1902 (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE) IN THE AZOV-DON BASIN - Matishov  G.G.,  Shokhin  I.V.,  Bulysheva  N.I.,  Kovalenk o M.V.  - Shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 of East Asian origin has successfully naturalized in the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov and is currently entering the Lower Don, where it is currently found in large quantities. The species was first recorded for the eastern part of the Sea of Azov; there is a specimen collected in 2016 among the collection material. The found individuals with eggs indicate that P. macrodactylus formed a self-reproducing population in the Don delta and the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay.

FEATURES OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALIEN MOLLUSKS FROM THE GENUS DREISSENA IN A LARGE TRIBUTARY OF THE RESERVOIR OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA (BY THE EXAMPLE OF SVIYAGA RIVER) - Mikhailov  R.A.  - Invasions of alien species of shellfish are of great interest as a result of their serious environmental and economic consequences. We present new information on the distribution and quantitative characteristics of mollusks from the genus Dreissena in one of the tributaries of the Kuibyshev reservoir. The fact of the discovery of these species up to the upper reaches of the Sviyaga River has been revealed. The quantitative values of the Dreissena vary unevenly, gradually increasing towards the mouth of the river. Native species of mollusks dominate in the upper and middle reaches of the river, and alien ones in the lower. Comparison of morphometric characteristics of shells in the river revealed significant differences between two related Dreissenid species, with the exception of the river mouth. Important factors in the distribution and development of two species of Dreissena in the Sviyaga River are flow rate, depth and width of the river section, and the absence of a solid substrate in the water.

FIRST FINDING OF BRANCHIURA SOWERBYI BEDDARD, 1892 (OLIGOCHAETA, TUBIFICIDAE) IN THE RYBINSK RESERVOIR -Perova  S.N.  - The first finding of the cosmopolite freshwater oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 in the Rybinsk Reservoir is reported. The oligochaete B. sowerbyi was first recorded in the Volga River basin. The species was found in the biotope of grеy silt at a depth of 8 m near Vaganikha Island in the Sheksna Reach of the Rybinsk Reservoir in October 2019.

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RANGE DYNAMICS OF POTATO NEMATODE GLOBODERA ROSTOCHIENSIS (WOLLENWEBER, 1923) SKARBILOVICH, 1959 UNDER CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN RUSSIA - Pridannikov  M.V.,  Zinovjeva  S.V.,  Khudyakova  E.A.,  Limantseva  L.A.,  Osipov  F.A.,  Dergunova  N.N.,  Petrosyan  V.G.  - Globodera rostochiensis is one of the 100 most dangerous invasive species in Russia, causing significant damage to agriculture. In Russia, this nematode was first founded in Kaliningrad Region in 1949. In this study, we used ensemble modeling (ESDM) methods to predict the potential distribution of G. rostochiensis in Russia and found that with changes in global climate and land use in the future, there would be a tendency to expand the range in two directions - from the south to the north and from the west to the east. The history of the distribution of the species on the territory of Russia, the current and potential ranges of the species from 2020 to 2100 with a step of 20 years in the implementation of various models and scenarios of climate change and land use are presented. Information on native range, features of biology, signs of host plant damage and injuriousness of G. rostochiensis, methods of pathotypes identification, invasion vectors, and control measures are shown. The predicted ranges of the species are important for the development of measures to minimize future invasion of G. rostochiensis and their negative consequences.

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE OF NATURALIZATION IN SOME EUONYMUS SPECIES(CELASTRACEAE) IN CENTRAL PART OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND THE CAUCASUS: RESULTS AND FURTHER TRENDS -Savinov  I.A.  - The degree of naturalization of a number of the Euonymus species in the conditions of Central part of European Russia (for E. europaeus L., E. nanus M. Bieb., E. maackii Rupr. and E. pauciflorus Maxim.) and in the Caucasus (for E. japonicus Thunb and E. fortunei (Turcz.) Hand-Mazz.) is analyzed. Critical analysis of the revealed data to establish that species run wild from the places of cultivation (old estate parks, gardens), for a long time are storring in abandoned estates, often give self-sowing and reproduce vegetatively (weed), occur in semi-natural and synanthropic habitats (forest belts and forest plantations, forest parks, near housing, roadsides); sometimes go into the forests. By the time of immigration, all species are neophytes; according to the vector of invasion – by ergasiophytes; according to the degree of naturalization – colonophytes (most species) or even hemiepecophytes (E. europaeus); have the status of potentially invasive. The "success factors" of these species, largely related to the peculiarities of their biology, as well as the proximity of the boundaries of their natural ranges, are also considered. An increase in the degree of adaptation of certain species was noted when moving to more northern regions of the Center and North-West of European Russia, and therefore it is necessary to monitor the state of their populations.

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THE DYNAMICS OF TREMATODE PREVALENCE IN TWO PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS OF THE PONTO-AZOV MOLLUSK LITHOGLYPHUS NATICOIDES (C. PFEIFFER, 1828) (GASTROPODA, HYDROBIIDAE) AT THE NORTH-EASTERN BORDER OF ITS RANGE -Tyutin  A.V.,  Medyantseva  E.N.,   Morozova  D.A.,   Tyutin  V.A.  - The freshwater gastropod mollusk Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) is one of the most successful invasive species in waterbodies of the Volga River basin. One of the negative consequences of its spread is range expansion of trematode species, some of which are highly pathogenic for fish, fish-eating birds and mammals. The aim of this study is to analyze the formation features of the trematode fauna in settlements of L. naticoides at the north-eastern border of its range (the Rybinsk Reservoir). It is found that the formation of the first permanent settlement of L. naticoides took place in 2005–2010 in coastal shallow waters in the lower part of the Volga reach of the reservoir. There was no rapid spread of the mollusk throughout the entire water area of the reservoir outside the Volga reach zone with a relatively high mineral content of water. However, in 2011–2019, the formation of a new large settlement of L. naticoides was recorded in the upper part of the Volga reach characterized by faster flow. A relatively low density of mature individuals in the settlements of L. naticoides (up to 50 ind./m²) makes it possible for at least five trematode species to complete their life cycle: Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1899), Apophallus (=Rossicotrema) donicus (Skrjabin et Lindtrop, 1919), Parasymphylodora markewitschi Kulakowskaja, 1947, Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928), Sanguinicola volgensis (Razin, 1929). The prevalence of parthenitae of certain species depends on the reservoir water level regime but the overall infection of L. naticoides can exceed 90%. The slow-flowing lower part of the Volga reach is characterized by the dominance of P. markewitschi and trematodes of the genus Apophallus, but N. skrjabini and S. volgensis dominate in the upper section, which is close to the river type. In the future in the Rybinsk reservoir, we can expect naturalization of other trematode species associated with L. naticoides within its range.

INVASION SPECIES OF HERMES PINEUS STROBI (HARTIG 1839) (HEMIPTERA: ADELGIDAE) ON PINUS STROBUS L. IN CENTRAL REGIONS OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA -Shirnina  L.V.  - During forest-pathological monitoring in the plantings of Weymouth pine Pinus strobus L. in three regions of the central part of European Russia – Voronezh, Kursk and Oryol – an invasive species of Weymouth pine pest, Hermes Pineus strobi (Hartig 1839), was identified. The vector of hermes invasion in a given territory, degree and rate of spread, localization of colonies on trees, dynamics of development in industrial, experimental forest cultures and clone archives were established. Sources of distribution of the pest in the Voronezh Region are Weymouth pine cuttings from the Oryol and Kaliningrad regions.

BLACK LIST OF FLORA OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC -Shkhagapsoev  S.Kh,  Chadaeva  V.A.,  Taysumov  M.A.,  Shkhagapsoeva  K.A.  - This article was aimed at the inventory of the invasive flora of the Chechen Republic. The “black list” of the flora of the Chechen Republic has been compiled. According to the recommendations for regional Black Books, 79 species of the "blacklist" were divided into four groups with the assignment of invasive status. Three species are capable of changing the structure and composition of plant communities (status 1). Twelve species disperse actively in natural, semi-natural, and anthropogenic habitats (status 2), and 40 species occur in anthropogenic habitats (status 3). Twenty-four species were classified as potentially invasive (status 4). The article contributes to the accumulation of information about invasive processes in the Caucasus. It can be used for the regional Black Book and comparative analysis of the composition and structure of invasive flora of the Russian Federation regions.