Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2023, issue №3

CONTENTS

THE RATIO OF THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF MONO- AND POLYDOMINANT COMMUNITIES IN SYNANTHROPIC VEGETATION WITH DIFFERENT PARTICIPATION OF ALIEN SPECIES - Akatov V.V., Akatova T.V., Eskina T.G., Sazonets N.M., Chefranov S.G.  - If the invasion of alien species into the vegetation cover leads to an increase in the area of monodominant communities, then this may have negative consequences for native plant species in the long term. We compared the frequency of occurrence of communities with the dominance of alien species, with the dominance of native species, as well as polydominant communities, in 71 sites of synanthropic vegetation in the vicinity of the settlements of the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory (Russia). The results showed that sites with a higher frequency of alien species dominance are characterized by a predominantly lower frequency of native species dominance, as well as a lower occurrence of polydominant communities, and, accordingly, a higher occurrence of monodominant communities in general. At the same time, the peculiarities of the biology of alien plant species reaching a high coverage in the studied areas suggest that this is due, rather, to the ability of alien species to quickly populate disturbed (open) habitats than to displace native species from closed grass stands. Therefore, the influence of the factor assessed by us on the floristic richness of synanthropic vegetation in the study area can be considered as limited. However, in other regions of the world, as follows from the publications known to us, it can be significant.

ABOUT THE FACT OF FINGING OF BUCKTHORN FLY – RHAGOLETIS BATAVA OBSCURIOSA KOL. ON THE TERRITORY OF IVANOVO REGION- Barinov S.N., Barinova M.O.  - The paper presents an overview of the fact of the revelation of the buckthorn fly – Rhagoletis batava obscuriosa Kol. on the territory of Ivanovo region, which since 2018 has been recorded in wild populations, and since 2022 in garden plantings of buckthorn buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides (L., 1753). This species poses a threat to the effective cultivation of buckthorn in the region.

GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF ACER NEGUNDO L. ALONG THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY- Vinogradova Yu.K., Galkina M.А.  - The study of intraspecific variability of alien plants is crucial for revealing the patterns of their microevolution in the secondary distribution range and predicting the possibility of further dispersal and the ability to invade natural plant communities. It is still unclear how a genetically impoverished initial invasive population forms a taxon with a range exceeding the natural range of the species and, therefore, adapted to more diverse ecological and climatic conditions. Boxelder, Acer negundo L., is a remarkable object of study in this respect. The secondary distribution range of this North American species covers all regions of our plane excluding Antarctica. In Russia it spread from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok, formed invasive populations in all eight Federal Districts and was included in the TOP 100 of the most aggressive invasive species of the country. The intraspecific variability of its biomorphological characters was studied by us earlier, and the results of the study of genotypic variability are presented in this article. Invasive populations of A. negundo located along the Trans-Siberian Railway from Moscow to Vladivostok (9288 km) were examined. We isolated DNA from 38 specimens collected along the Trans-Siberian railway in Vladimir and Kostroma Regions, Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Region, Novosibirsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Amur Region, and Primorskii Territory. By the ITS 1–2 nuclear DNA site, specimens of Acer negundo from the Russian part of the secondary distribution range showed very high similarity with each other, but with 100% bootstrap support separated from specimens from the natural distribution range. According to the chloroplast high-variable trnL–trnF site, the specimens were divided into two clades that weakly correlated with the geographical origin of the specimen. Separate subclades with high bootstrap support are formed by the plants: 1) from Tatarstan (Kazan and Nizhnekamsk), 2) from Perm and Novosibirsk, and 3) samples from Krasnoyarsk. The haplotype network constructed at the trnL–trnF site also demonstrated the genetic specificity of the samples from Tatarstan. We hypothesized that only a few genotypes of A. negundo with a high degree of invasive activity were dispersed along the Trans-Siberian Railway (and possibly throughout all Russia). Other genotypes, including those that entered the territory of the former Russian Empire earlier, have not shown the ability to invade natural plant communities and occur rather rarely.

MODELLING OF HERACLEUM SOSNOWSKYI MANDEN. AND HERACLEUM MANTEGAZZIANUM SOMMIER & LEVIER COENOPOPULATION AREA INCREASE RATE - Dalke I.V., Chadin I.F.  - On the basis of developed individual-based model and empirical data the importance of anemochory for the dispersal of giant hogweed mericarpia over long distances (up to 55 m from the parent plant) was proved. The use of cellular automate for modelling of the plant coenopopuation area increase allowed to reveal the influence of weather condition, number and spatial distribution of hogweed plants in the period of the beginning of introduction on the rate of invasion. Verification of the results of the cellular automaton work based on satellite images and field observations showed a significant level of compliance of theoretical calculations and observed results. The logistic functions parameters describing the change in the area of giant invasive hogweed stands were determined. A retrospective analysis of satellite images of model plots, starting from the 90s of the 20th century, showed an annual increase in the area of hogweed coenopopulations by 20% in the exponential population growth phase. A significant variability in the rate of invasion (from 5% to 70% per year) depended on the initial conditions and stage of invasion, usage modes and ecological capacity of the available sites.

SIZE AND WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BIVALVE MOLLUSC ANADARA KAGOSHIMENSIS (TOKUNAGA, 1906) – THE ALIEN SPECIES IN THE SEA OF AZOV - Dikareva J.D., Ryabushko V.I. - For the first time the research focuses on studying the size and weight characteristics of the alien species in the Sea of Azov – bivalve mollusc Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906). The relationship between allometric parameters of the mollusc (size and weight) were approximated by the power function. The maximal coefficient of determination is found for the power dependence of the total weight of the anadara on the width of the shell, with minimum coefficient of determination depending on the height of the shell. The maximum coefficient of determination is obtained for the power dependence of the raw weight of soft tissues of anadara on the length of its shell, with the minimum coefficient of determination depending on the width of the shell. The ratio of dry and raw weight of soft tissues is 0.16. Under comparison of the different environmental areas of anadara in the Black, Aenean seas and the Sea of Azov, the hatchery housing of mollusks in waters with moderate salinity is found to be the most favorable condition for their maximal growth.

THE FIRST FINDING OF MACROSACCUS ROBINIELLA (CLEMENS, 1859) AND OBOLODIPLOSIS ROBINIAE HALDEMAN, 1847 NEAR VORONEZH  - Ermolaev I.V., Yefremova Z.A., Abdulkhakova A.A. - The data about finding of Macrosaccus robiniella (Clemens, 1859) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) and Obolodiplosis robiniae Haldeman, 1847 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Voronezhsky State Nature Biosphere reserve are given for the first time. Some features of the biology of the local population of M. robiniella are shown.

FINDINGS OF LEPAS ANATIFERA LINNAEUS, 1758 (CIRRIPEDIA, SCALPELLOMORPHA) IN THE BARENTS SEA - Zakharov D.V., Strelkova N.A.  -The paper contains information about new findings of goose barnackle in the Barents Sea. Information on the place of the find, depth, date, pictures and a brief description of the animals are given. Possible causes of the appearance of this species in the Barents Sea have been analyzed.

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FORMATION OF THE RANGES OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI: RESULTS OF THE CENTENNIAL NATURALIZATION - Zykova E.Yu.  - Currently, 10–15% of invasive plant species are recorded in alien floras of all inhabited regions of the world, and their proportion is constantly growing. A particular problem is naturalization of alien species in the regions with high levels of endemism and species diversity, such as the Republic of Altai. We have been studying the alien flora of the Republic of Altai since the beginning of the 21st century. The ranges of 67 invasive species belonging to 57 genera and 20 families have been identified. Most of the species have been known on the territory of the Republic of Altai since the 20th century, 10 species have penetrated here in the 21st century. The main method of penetration (vector) is accidental introduction. In all areas, at least singly, there are 5 species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Bunias orientalis, Matricaria discoidea, Melilotus officinalis, Tripleurospermum inodorum. The orographic and climatic features of the area predetermine a greater susceptibility to invasions for the northern regions and a lesser one for the southeastern regions. Eighteen species are distributed only in the northern regions. Almost all species are found in Gorno-Altaisk and Mayma district, the least number of species - in Kosh-Agach district, which is characterized by the most severe climatic conditions. Thirty five species are invasive in Siberia, 11 species are among the hundred most aggressive species in Russia. Based on our own long-term research, taking into account the analysis of available publications and stock materials (Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Gorno-Altai State University), as well as other available data (iNaturalist, GBIF), maps of the ranges of invasive plants of the Republic of Altai were compiled. For each species, all known localities are given, indicating administrative regions, settlements, river valleys, etc., the time of discovery is noted, and links to the source are indicated.

INFORMATION ON THE NATURALIZATION AND BIOLOGY OF THE TRANSCAUCASIAN TREE MANTIS (HIERODULA TRANSCAUCASICA BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, 1878) (MANTODEA: MANTIDAE) IN THE ROSTOV REGION - Klimovich K.G.  - The paper presents all the known data obtained as a result of native observations of the Transcaucasian tree mantis (Hierodula transcaucasica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) on the territory of the Rostov region, including behavior, life cycle, namely the growth and development of individuals at different stages of ontogenesis. New collection points in the region are indicated, and issues of the species penetration into this territory in the period 2017–2021 are considered.

RESOURCE MELLIFEROUS-POLLENIFEROUS ROLE OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN RUSSIA - Kurmanov R.G.  - The resource melliferous-polleniferous potential of Russian invasive plant species was studied on the basis of the results of melissopalynological (pollen) analysis. The study of the pollen composition of 2121 honey samples from 70 Russian regions made it possible to diagnose the pollen of 26 invasive plants in their composition, 13 of which were resource plants. In the European part of Russia, important melliferous plants were Robinia pseudoacacia L., Gleditsia triacanthos L., Amorpha fruticosa L., Solidago canadensis L., and Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle. Monofloral honey types from these invasive species were obtained mainly in the southern regions. In Siberia, Centaurea scabiosa L., C. jacea L., Echium vulgare L., and Conium maculatum L. were of resource importance. Monofloral greater and brown knapweed, viper`s bugloss and wild hemlock honey types were found mainly in the regions of Western Siberia. In the Far East, sources of monofloral honey were Nonea rossica Steven and Amoria hybrida (L.) C. Presl. The species Lupinus polyphyllus Lindll. and species of the genus Ambrosia were classified as important Russian polleniferous plants.

ADAPTATION OF ANADARA KAGOSHIMENSIS (TOKUNAGA, 1906) TO HYPO- AND HYPEROSMOTIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS: HEMOCYTE RESPONSE - Kukhareva T.A., Rychkova V.N., Soldatov A.A., Andreyeva A.Yu., Kladchenko E.S.  - Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) is an invasive species that has successfully colonized the waters of the Black Sea and the sea of Azov, despite the significantly lower salinity level of these waters in comparison with the native region. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of bivalve mollusk A. kagoshimensis erythrocytes were analyzed by light microscopy during adaptation to hypo- and hyperosmotic experimental conditions. The control group of mollusks was kept at 18‰ salinity. Experimental groups were acclimated to 8, 14, 35 and 45‰ salinity. A decrease of salinity was achieved by diluting seawater with distilled water at a rate of 1.5±0.5‰ per day. Sea salt was added to each aquarium to increase salinity. Salinity was increased at a rate of 2.5±0.5‰ per day. Exposure period was 2 days. It has been shown that the salinity range of 14-35‰ is natural for ark clam. No significant changes in cell morphology were observed under these conditions. At the same time, environmental salinity levels of 8 and 45‰ caused obvious stress: cellular anomalies appeared, and the linear characteristics of erythrocytes were changed. However, cell lysis did not occur, the values of the specific surface area and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio did not change. The results of the present work indicate the ability of the arc clam to exist for some time in regions with extremely low and high salinity of the aquatic environment.

TO THE FINDING OF SOME ALIEN SPECIES OF THE FAMILY POACEAE IN DAGESTAN - Murtazaliev R.A., Mukhumaeva P.O.  - The paper provides information on new species of the Poaceae family, alien for the flora of Dagestan and the Eastern Caucasus, identified during field studies and in the analysis of various herbarium collections in 2020–2022. For the flora of the Eastern Caucasus, Echinochloa tzvelevii and Setaria adhaerens are indicated for the first time, and the presence of feral cultivated species in the flora of Dagestan is confirmed: Avena sativa, Lolium multiflorum, Sorghum drummondii, Sorghum technicum. For the first time for the flora of Dagestan, the quarantine species Cenchrus longispinus is presented. For each species, a brief description of the location is given, information on population status, phenophase, etc. is presented. In addition, an invasive status was assigned to each species, according to the criteria and guidelines used in the work on the regional "Black Books". Sorghum technicum and Cenchrus longispinus have a higher invasive potential (status 2), while the remaining 5 species (Avena sativa, Echinochloa tzvelevii, Lolium multiflorum, Sorghum drummondii, Setaria adhaerens) occur in disturbed and segetal communities (status 3).

INTRODUCTION OF MAMMALS TO THE ISLANDSOF THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC - Nesterenko V.A. - Introduction of alien species to marine islands leads to destabilization of the unique ecosystems, which are characterized by a high level of ecological vulnerability. A review of alien mammal species in the insular theriocomplexes of the Northwestern Pacific was made and the results of a massive invasion that occurred in the recent 150 years were analyzed. Currently, 43 alien species belonging to 19 families of 7 mammal orders live on the islands of the Northwest Pacific, among which 9 are included in the list of the 14 most dangerous invasive species of the world, and 8 of the 10 most dangerous introduced mammals of the Russian Federation inhabit the islands of the Russian segment of this region.

INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ACCOUNTING ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN MODELS OF THE CURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND CLIMATIC DYNAMICS OF AMBROSIA ARTEMISIIFOLIA L. IN THE CAUCASUS  - Pshegusov R.H., Chadaeva V.A. - Current climate change, habitat degradation and road network development contribute to the invasion of alien plant species in areas of more northern latitudes and higher altitudes. Using the maximum entropy method (Maxent), we built the spatial distribution models of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, considering abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors, and area accessibility. Maps of the species current distribution in the Caucasus and its range dynamics according to the climate change scenarios were constructed. The most important variables determining A. artemisiifolia spatial localization in the region were as follows: distance to roads (not more than 0–5 m), terrain roughness (gentle areas) and humidity (climate from semi-arid to pergumid). The 0–5 m distance is also characterized by the area accessibility factor (species dispersal capacity), which contributed about 47% to the final model. Species dispersal beyond roadsides was hindered by forests and meadows with the probability of A. artemisiifolia occurrence not exceeding 0.01%. The species core ranges were predicted in foothills and low mountains of the Western and Central Caucasus, Western and Central Transcaucasia, the northwestern Lesser Caucasus and the Caspian Sea coast. The species invasion in highlands could occur along the gentle river valleys that concentrate the main mountain roads. According to the pessimistic and optimistic climate change scenarios, by 2100 the decline in optimal A. artemisiifolia habitats will be 87 and 27%, respectively, and will affect mainly the plain areas of the currently most humid regions. The main core ranges were predicted in the middle mountains and highlands of the Caucasus.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE NOCTULE BAT (NYCTALUS NOCTULA) IN THE ROSTOV REGION AND THE PROBLEM OF EXPANDING THE NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF ITS WINTERING AREA  - Smirnov D.G., Zabashta A.V. - The materials on the distribution of Nyctalus noctula in the Rostov Region are given. Based on this the northern border of its winter habitat and the seasonal characteristics of the stay are specified. The presented findings of this species in the south and extreme east of the region, which were made in the summer and in the off season showed that this territory was used both during the migration period and as summer habitats. In the scientific literature the expansion of the winter range of this species over the past decades has been noted. Findings of wintering animals in high-rise buildings of cities are considered as confirming facts of expansion. However, the issue regarding the expansion of wintering boundaries remains ambiguous because all these detections are made in the climatic "risk zone". The results of modeling of the probabilistic area of winter habitats of N. noctula in conditions of natural shelters (hollows of trees) showed that over the past 70 years there have been no changes in the boundaries and its northern limits do not correspond to those that were previously indicated. In the east of the European range of this species the northern boundary of the natural wintering area passes through the Rostov Region and ends to the east at the latitude of the city of Astrakhan. The most important bioclimatic factors that determine wintering within such a territory are the average temperature of the driest and the average temperature of the coldest quarters of the year, and the minimum temperature of the coldest month. In the regions to the north of this area due to the severity of winters the overwintering of animals in natural shelters is unlikely. Based on the obtained results the total wintering area of N. noctula is divided into two zones. The first zone is the territory where wintering is massive and possible in poorly protected natural shelters; the second zone is a territory with a climatic “risk zone”, where only a very small part of population of the species remains, and the spaces protected from external factors in multi-storied buildings of settlements serve as shelters. Findings of wintering colonies of noctules in the second zone that located far outside the natural wintering area can obviously be considered as an invasive process, which in migratory bats has an adaptive character and associated with the development of urbanized landscapes.

AMERICAN MINK (NEOVISON VISON) IN YAKUTIA: MORPHOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE  - Stepanova V.V., Mamaev N.V., Sidorov M.M., Okhlopkov I.M. - The article presents data on the morphology, range and number of the American mink in Yakutia, gives materials on its morpho- and craniometry. Data on the dynamics of the range and number of the American mink in Yakutia from the moment of its introduction in the early 1960s to the present time are shown. The range of the mink has expanded in the north-east direction from Southern Yakutia to Central Yakutia for half a century, and new mink settlement sites from the eastern side of the Magadan region have been noted. After naturalization of the American mink during 25 years, there was a gradual increase in its number from 686 individuals to 4–5 thousand individuals. Over the next 35 years, the number of the species has stabilized and remains at this level with some fluctuations over the years, excluding 2005–2006, when there was a sharp increase in the number of mink.

TWO LIFE STRATEGIES IN COPEPOD CRYPTIC SPECIES: COEXISTENCE AND DISPLACEMENT - Sukhikh N., Alekseev V. - Among invasive species there is a special group so named cryptic species for which morphological identification is very difficult. This review is devoted to analysis of the dispersal routes of two copepod cryptic species complexes into aquatic ecosystems. Eurytemora carolleeae introduction was revealed in 2007 with bar-code. The species was described as a new taxon; its distribution was also studied using morphology. Biological invasions of two other Copepod species Acanthocyclops americanus and Eurytemora caspica were mainly studied using morphological methods since the species have already been described. At the same time, to confirm their distinctions from local forms, molecular genetic tools were also used. Two scenarios resulting from cryptic species’ invasions and their competitions with native species were the partly (E. carrolleeae) or full displacement (A. americanus). Example: the invasion of Eurytemora carolleeae into the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic coast of Europe. When assessing the possible negative impact of invasive species on competitors, the most attention should be paid to predator species. Identification of cryptic species significantly complicates the situation with the assessment of bioinvasion and needs the use of molecular methods.