Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2018, issue № 3

CONTENTS

Modern data on the spacious distribution of the baikal amphipods in the Enisey river and their visualization in the geoinformational web-system - Andrianova  A.V.,  Yakubaylik  O.E.,  Shan'ko  Y.V. -The results of hydrobiological studies of expeditions, conducted in 2015–2016 in several zones of the Yenisei River from its head to the mouth, are presented. This work deals with the spatial dynamics of the amphipod community, in which the leading positions are occupied by invaders from Baikal. The invaders spread through the river Angara not only downstream, but also upstream the Yenisei. Eight species of amphipods were identified, and there were two representatives of native fauna (Pontoporeia affinis and Gammarus sp.) and six Baikal endemics among them. Throughout the river, Gmelinoides fasciatus dominated quantitatively among the gammarids, Philolimnogammarus viridis took the second place. Only in the lower reaches and in the delta of the Yenisei the leading positions were surrendered to Pontoporeia affinis – a representative of the estuary-relic complex of organisms. Baikal endemics populated actively the Upper Yenisei section below the Sayano-Shushensky hydroelectric power station (HPS), especially in the areas of massive macrophyte distribution. The main vector of Baikal endemics spreading in the Yenisei is self- colonization through the river Angara, noticed by researchers in the 19th century. For G. fasciatus, its intentional introduction into the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir in the late 1960s with the aim of increasing the food supply was an additional stimulus for the growth of the population below and above the Krasnoyarsk HPS. Naturalization of Ph. viridis in the Upper Yenisei section was probably contributed by an accidental introduction. There is a divergence of ecological niches in G. fasciatus and Ph. viridis in the Yenisei: the dominant prefers silty sand-and-shingle biotopes with a calm speed rate; the subdominant tends to prefer stony-pebble bottom washed by a rapid current. Over the last 15 years, the density and proportion of crustaceans in the zoobenthos have increased in the Angara – Podkamennaya Tunguska section. The results of hydrobiological studies have been designed in the form of geospatial database in the geoportal, which gives the possibility to visualize information as interactive thematic maps and which provides the direct access to data via web mapping services from the modern GIS software.

Alien species of mammalian fauna in Yakutia - Argunov  A.V. - The history of introduction and invasive processes for 9 mammal species, namely: muskrat, American mink, steppe ferret, sable, river beaver, musk ox, forest bison, Siberian roe deer and red deer in Yakutia territory is considered. Introduction of the muskrat was carried out in 1930–1932 and this species was well adapted to new conditions and spread in all natural areas of Yakutia. Mink was introduced in southern Yakutia in 1961–1964; its distribution is limited by environmental barriers, and the total number now constitutes 4–5 thousand individuals. Steppe polecat was introduced in 1980–1983 to Central Yakutia; the species is poorly settled and the number is only 150–200 individuals and tends to decrease; the population may disappear in the coming years. The reintroduction of the sable was made in 1948–1958 and the species now is widespread throughout the taiga part of Yakutia with the number varying at the level of 250–300 thousand individuals. River beavers were released in 2001–2003, but animals did not survive at the places of introduction for various reasons. The musk ox was introduced in different parts of the Arctic zone of Yakutia from 1996 to 2017 with 199 individuals; today the number is 2,600 thousand individuals. The naturalization process to sub-arctic ecosystems is successful. Forest bison was imported from 2006 to 2013, and the animals were kept only in captive breeding centers until 2017. The total number doubled and reached 184 individuals. In November 2017, 30 bison were released. The modern range of Siberian roe deer was formed in the XX century due to the introduction from the adjacent territories of the Far East and southern Siberia. Mainly, the species is distributed in Central Yakutia, and the number constitutes 24 thousand individuals. The red deer has inhabited the territory of Yakutia simultaneously with the roe deer from the same regions, now its range covers Southern and Central Yakutia, and the number constitutes 10–13 thousand individuals.

Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt) in the Curonian lagoon of the Baltic sea- Gushchin  A.V.,  Lysanskiy  I.N. - The results of monitoring for the consequences of unintentional introduction of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) into the Curonian lagoon are presented. As a result of an accident in the fish farm on the Grabova River in Poland, about 50000 individuals of Siberian sturgeon and some number of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) came into the Baltic Sea. In 36 days after the accident, the first individual of Siberian sturgeon was caught in the Curonian lagoon. From the end of October till the end of November 2017, 27 individuals of Siberian sturgeon were found in the Curonian lagoon. The main points of catches were located in the area close to the mouth of the Neman River. There is a possibility of the Siberian sturgeon appearance in the Neman River.

Analysis of management activities on control of sosnowskyi's hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) invasion on the territory of the Russian Federation - Dalke  I.V.,  Chadin  I.F.,  Zakhozhiy  I.G. - The analysis of 477 government contracts on control of the Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. invasion carried out in 18 Russian regions from 2011 to 2017 are presented. According to the official data 95% of the contracts included works on the destruction of H. sosnowskyi plants, and the rest were connected with the determination of invaded areas, the development of methods for their elimination, and the supervision of the works carried out. Over seven years, H. sosnowskyi stands where mapped on the area of 169 000 hectares, and destroyed on the area of 18 000 hectares. The total cost of 477 government contracts amounted to 314 million rubles. The most large-scale works on H. sosnowskyi eradication were made in the Leningrad, Moscow and Vologda regions, where the funds for invasion control were reserved in the regions budgets. The high variability of the work cost was revealed for the contracts with processing areas less than 5 hectares. The median cost of mapping the H. sosnowskyi stands was about 370 rubles / ha. The mowing cost of H. sosnowskyi was about 30 thousand rubles / ha (median value), which was twice greater the cost of treating the stands with herbicides. In the context of limited funding, systemic work on H. sosnowskyi thicket control should be initiated with a pilot project on the territory of one or two settlements, and then this experience should be spread to a larger region. Data on 477 government contracts used in the paper are freely available on the server Zenodo.

Ecosystem of lake Urozero and results of introduction of new fish species into the water body - Ilmast  N.V.,  Sterligova  O.P.,  Kuchko  Ya.A. -Data on hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydrobiology, including the fish population of Lake Urozero (southern Karelia) are given. The results of the work on the introduction of two fish species were carried out in Lake Urozero for improving the quality of the ichthyofauna have been analyzed. In the fifties – nineties of the XX^th century the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus and the European vendace Coregonus albula had been repeatedly introduced into the lake. Of the two species, only the vendace was naturalized in the lake. Its biological features in the new habitat conditions were studied. A comparative analysis of linear – weight parameters with characteristics of the vendace from the donor reservoirs was carried out. The results obtained allow classifying the vendace of Lake Urozero as a large form. Naturalization of whitefish did not happen. This may be due to the small volume of its introduction and the weak viability of the introducing material. Currently, 8 species of fish live in the lake. Perch Perca fluviatilis and vendace prevail in abundance. Perch biological indicators are given. Nowadays the vendace has begun to constitute a significant part in the diet of a large perch.

The first record of the alien species asian carpet beetle (Anthrenus coloratus Reitter, 1881) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) from Russia – a serious pest of museum collections- Kovalenko  Ya.N. - Asian carpet beetle Anthrenus coloratus Reitter, 1881 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is reported in Russia for the first time. This species is of significant practical importance, being a harmful museum pest of zoological collections, as well as of various articles of animal origin. A. coloratus is widespread in Eurasia, Africa and North America. There is information about the presence of this species in South America. The paper discusses distribution, biological features, harmfulness and possible invasion of this invasive species.

Oriental ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) – new inhabitants of Primorsk territory in Russia -Mandelshtam  M.Yu.,  Yakushkin  E.A.,  Petrov  A.V. -Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford, 1894) and Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926) are recorded in Russia for the first time. These beetles were collected in environs of Partizansk (Primorsk Terr.) in 2017 by E.A. Yakushkin on aboriginal tree species. Alongside with these ambrosia beetles, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) only recently appeared in the region and known from the Russian Far East Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878), Xyleborus seriatus Blandford, 1894 and Anisandrus maiche (Kurentsov, 1941) are recorded. Because all these Xyleborini beetles are known to be polyphagous, able to parthenogenesis and easily transported with wood, their potential for invasion to European part of Russia is high. Photographs and ink drawing of considered ambrosia beetles are provided.

Naturalized alien species in the floras of the Middle part of European Russia: homogenization or differentiation? -Morozova  O.V. -Human activities, including biological invasions, cause large-scale changes in the distribution of organisms, one of the consequences of which is biotic homogenization, revealed to various degrees for different biotic groups. Russian researchers use the term “unification of biota” to explain the increasing in taxonomic similarity between regions as a result of invasions, but there are no quantitative estimates of this phenomenon. The change in the similarity or difference in regional floras taking into account alien species naturalized in them is estimated for the regions of the middle part of the European Russia on the basis of a comparison of the Jaccard similarity coefficients. Inclusion of naturalized plant species into flora increases their differences due to differentiated naturalization depending on natural conditions. However, the presence of different structural groups affects the similarity/differences in floras differently. The annual/biennial species have a greater homogenizing effect unlike herbaceous perennials and tree species, species alien in European Russia (biogeographically associated with the floras under analysis) unlike alien to European Russia species (with natural ranges outside the territory of European Russia). The analysis does not correspond to the opinion of Russian authors on unambiguous “unification of biota” as a result of alien species introduction and confirms the point of view of some researchers that biotic homogenization is not an inevitable fact in biological invasions.

Alien species in Holarctic -Petrosyan  V.G.,  Khlyap  L.A.,  Reshetnikov  A.N.,  Krivosheina  M.G.,  Morozova  O.V.,  Dergunova  N.N.,  Osipov  F.A.,  Dgebuadze  Yu.Yu. -Review of results of research on alien species invasions led in Holarctic in recent years is done. The majority of those results was presented at the regular Fifth International Symposium “Invasions of alien species in Holarctic” held in Russia in 2017 and was published in the Russian Journal of Biological Invasions and some other prints. The main tendencies in researches of alien species invasion in Holarctic are considered.

Formation of persistent population of invasive species Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Auchenorrhyncha: Flatidae) on the south of Ukraine -Popova  L.V.,  Bondareva  L.M.,  Polozhenets  V.M.,  Nemeritskaya  L.V. - The paper considers the information on formation of persistent population of a new invasive species, white leafhopper (Metcalfa pruinosa Say, 1830), in Ovidipol region of Odessa oblast. Primary range of M. pruinosa is in America. The adult individuals of insect were observed under rout surveys on fruit trees, fig, grape-vine, ornamental plants in private gardens and fixed with the use of yellow sticky traps. Morphological description, features of development of insect, host plants, distribution ability and importance of M. рruinosa as a potentially harmful insect in the south of Ukraine are given. Taking into consideration that M. pruinosa continues to occupy rapidly a new territory and the new host plants, it is necessary to conduct phytosanitary monitoring in different cultures in the conditions of southern Ukraine and to apply measures to restrict its development and reduce its harmfulness using biological and chemical agents.

A new finding of Paridea angulicollis (Motschulsky, 1854) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) in Primorsky Krai - Sergeyev  M.Ye. -A new finding of the alien beetle Paridea angulicollis (Motschulsky, 1854) in the south of Primorsky Krai is described. This insect is a potential pest of cultivated plant species of the family Cucurbitaceae in the south of the Far East.

Materials to the black list of flora of the Central Caucasus (within Kabardino-Balkarian Republic) - Shhagapsoev  S.H.,  Chadaeva  V.A.,  Tsepkova  N.L.,  Shhagapsoeva  K.A. -The "black list" of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic flora, including 22 species of invasive plants, is compiled. The «black list» plants are divided into four groups with assignment of invasive status according to the classification recommended for keeping Black books. The article presents a brief description of naturalization history, distribution, ecological and biological, and phytocenotic features of species in the region.

The family of Amaranthaceae Juss. in communities of saline ecotopes of South-East Europe - Yuritsyna  N.A.,  Vasjukov  V.M. -The article presents the data on introduction of representatives of the family Amaranthaceae Juss. into the plant communities of saline ecotopes of South-East Europe: an extent of their participation in formation of cenoses, distribution, ecological characteristics of the species habitats. Only two North American species of this family – Amaranthus albus L. and A. retroflexus L. - are registered in the pointed ecotopes, These species are most likely not able to exert considerable impact on existence of the communities as they occur in them rather seldom and not plentifully.