Russian Journal of Biological Invasions

2023, issue №4

CONTENTS

MATERIALS TO THE «BLACK BOOK OF FLORA OF THE ORENBURG REGION» - Abramova L.M., Golovanov Ya.M. - "Black list" of the flora of the Orenburg region, including 63 species of invasive plants, was compiled. According to the recommendations for the maintenance of regional black books, the “black list” species are divided into four groups according to their invasive status. Ten key species (1st status) are able to change the structure and composition of plant communities, 12 species of the 2nd invasive status are actively naturalizing in natural and semi-natural habitats, 23 species of the 3rd invasive status have dispersed in anthropogenic habitats. 18 species are potentially invasive (status 4). The article is a phase of preparation of the regional "Black Book of Flora of the Orenburg Region" and contributes to the study of invasion processes in the Southern Urals and in the Russian Federation in general. The information can be used for taking measures of verification of the number of dangerous invasive species in order to reduce ecological and economic damage due to their invasions.

THE POTENTIAL OF DISTRIBUTION OF THE BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG HALYOMORPHA HALYS (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN EUROPE DETERMINED ON THE BASIS OF THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ECOGEOGRAPHICAL BORDERS OF ITS RANGE- Afonin A.N., Musolin D.L. - Halyomorpha halys is an invasive pest heteropteran. Based on the records of H. halys from its natural (East Asia) and invasive (North America and Europe) ranges and their comparison with the maps of the key environmental factors, the ecological and geographical boundaries of its distribution were identified and the limits of the ecological tolerance of the species in relation to the main environmental factors determining its distribution were clarified. The longer history of the species’ invasion in North America, the features of the spatial distribution of environmental factors, and the location of the initial penetration allowed H. halys to occupy its potential ecological niche more fully in North America compared to Europe. A comparative ecogeographical analysis of the current distribution of H. halys in North America made it possible to estimate the near-term prospects for the distribution of this invader in Europe. In the coming years and under the current climate, the main expansion of H. halys in Europe might be in the easterly direction, i.e. through the territory of Ukraine, to the south of Belarus, and in the south-west of the Russian Federation. The extend of this advance will be associated primarily with the ability of H. halys to adapt to harsh overwintering conditions. Within large cities, which often serve as heat islands, establishment of sustainable populations of H. halys seems possible up to 55° N.L. At the same time, over a large part of Eastern Europe a few environmental factors have parameters which are pessimal for H. halys. This might contain the further spread of the species in Europe, hinder its naturalization, and reduce the occurrence of H. halys in these regions.

REVELATION OF CRYPTOSTROMA CORTICALE, THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SOOTY MAPLE BARK DISEASE, IN RUSSIA- Gninenko Yu.I., Chilakhsaeva E.A., Seraya L.G., Larina G.E., Yufereva V.V., Bondareva E.V., Yarylchenko T.N. - The article presents data on the first confirmed detection of the pathogenic micromycete Cryptostroma corticale in Russia, which causes sooty maple disease and is dangerous to humans. The data on the symptoms of the disease and the first data on its spread in Russia are given.

ON THE REASONS OF LIMENITIS SYDYI (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE) EXPANSION IN TRANSBAIKALIA- Gordeev S.Yu., Gordeeva T.V., Korsun O.V.- Long-term field observations in the Transbaikalia area (Siberia, Russia) in 1990–2020 have revealed a longitudinal shift of the nemoral butterfly species Limenitis sydyi (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) range in Siberia (120°E to 110°E). This species was not registered to the west of the Chita – Kyra longitudinal line (112°E) before the 2000s. Later on, it was found to occur as a common species in the environs of the city of Chita. In the Buryatia Republic (110°E), it was recorded for the first time in 2012. This species prefers light forests dominated by larch (Larix sp.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth) that commonly occur in the 2nd order tributary valleys at elevations of 400–600 m. In contrast, broader and narrower valleys are less suitable for this nemoral species. Our climate-based statistical modeling indicates that the range of L. sydyi is largely limited by an air humidity level during the period of May – June and September, as well as a snow cover thickness of not less than 10–20 cm.

NEW DATA ON THE ASIAN CLAM CORBICULA FLUMINEA (O.F. MULLER, 1774) FROM THE DOWNSTREAM OF THE DON RIVER - Zhivoglyadova L.A., Revkov N.K., Nebesikhina N.A., Vekhov D.A., Elfimova N.S.- Clams of the genus Corbicula were discovered in the downstream of the Don River in the area of the warm channel of the Novocherkassk hydroelectric power station in 2017 for the first time. According to conchiological characters they were identified as Corbicula fluminea. The aim of this work is to confirm species identification using the molecular genetic methods and determination of the morphotype by shell morphometric indices: frontal (D/L) and sagittal (H/L) curvature (=Index of Roundness), convexity ((H+D)/L). According to the results obtained, the Asian clam was assigned to the European invasive lineage of the FW5 haplotype, taxonomically assigned to C. fluminea and morphologically to the R-morphotype.

THE ROLE OF ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS VARIABILITY IN THE BLACK SEA IN DYNAMICS OF THE INVASIVE CTENOPHORES  - Kazmin A.S., Shiganova T.A.- Analysis of the multidecadal, seasonal and interannual variability of hydrometeorological parameters in the Black Sea with application to invasions of ctenophores is presented. Polynomial approximations of annual time series indicate the nonlinear nature of the long-term variability of the parameters under consideration. In the Black Sea two intervals of 20 and 40 years with multidirectional trends are detected. Effect of abiotic factors variability on two main ecosystems drivers i.e., invasive ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and its predator Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789 have been analyzed. Ctenophore M. leidyi invaded the Black Sea in the 1980s followed by B. ovata in 1990s. M. leidyi caused ecosystem degradation at all trophic levels, including fish resources. Subsequent introduction of its predator B. ovata in the Black Sea contributed to a significant restoration of the ecosystem and fish stocks of the Black Sea and this process continues in the Sea of Azov. Interannual dynamics of both ctenophores follows water temperature, but only when it varies within favorable limits. In the case of exceeding the limits, a sharp decline of population occurs.

TRENDS IN THE SETTLEMENT OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE NATURE MONUMENT «FORESTED RAVINE NEAR THE VILLAGE OF VLASIEVO» (MOSCOW REGION) - Kuklina A.G., Ozerova N.A., Shvetsov A.N.,Shaykina M.V., Yolkina E.S. -The issue of biodiversity conservation is of great importance. Plant species under threat of extinction are being studied especially carefully, and the cases of degradation of phytocenoses are being investigated. Invasive flora needs to be assessed in nature conservation areas. One of the reasons for the loss of unique natural ecosystems is the invasion of alien organisms, which explains the relevance of the study. The main purpose of this publication is to study the spread of invasive plant species on the territory of the nature monument «Forested Ravine near the village of Vlasievo» in the Moscow region. During the field routes in 2017–2022, various biotopes were examined on an area of about 98 hectares. The invasive flora includes 15 species, among which Heracleum sosnowskyi is the most active. Assessment of the degree of naturalization of invasive species in protected areas showed that in most species this process is slower than on average in the Moscow region, the neighboring Ryazan region and in general in Central Russia. Probably, this trend is due to a weak degree of anthropogenic disturbance of the territory and a low number of alien individuals. At the same time, the expansion of H. sosnowsky was noted in the protected areas, leading to a partial change in the vegetation cover and the composition of the native flora, including rare and protected species. Satellite monitoring made it possible to determine the approximate period of introduction of H. sosnowskyi and to estimate the rate of its spread across protected areas. The identified alien taxa, namely Acer negundo, Amelanchier spicata, Impatiens parviflora, Echinocystis lobata, Bidens frondosa, Erigeron annuus and E. canadensis are among the 100 most dangerous invasive species on the territory of the Russian Federation, which are capable of increasing the invasive potential in the case of violations of environmental regime of protected areas.

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MARBLED SPINEFOOT SIGANUS RIVULATUS (SIGANIDAE) – A NEW INVASIVE ALLIEN SPECIES IN THE BLACK SEA - Maltsev V.I., Koulish A.V., Beletskaya M.A. - A specimen of the marbled spinefoot Siganus rivulatus Forsskal & Niebuhr, 1775, the new fish species for the Black Sea has been caught on November 10, 2020 in the waters of Dvuyakornaya Bay near the city of Feodosiya in the northeastern part of the Black Sea. The two-year-old fish has a total body length of 124.2 mm and height of 35.7 mm. Morphology of the main elements of the body of the fish, as well as its teeth are described. The path of spreading of this species from its native range (western part of the Indian Ocean) to the Mediterranean and Black seas has been traced. The potential place of this species in the Black Sea ecosystem is discussed.

INVASION OF DREISSENA POLYMORPHA (PALLAS, 1771) INTO THE SHERSHNEVSKOYE RESERVOIR IN CHELYABINSK - Peretykin A.A., Obvintseva N.A. - In August 2022 pronounced changes were found in the community of bivalves compared to the results of the 2016 year survey at coastal sampling stations near the dam of Shershnevskoye reservoir at Chelyabinsk city. Mollusks of the Sphaeriidae family have disappeared in the community of bivalves. The dominant species in the fauna of bivalves in 2022 was the species Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) fam. Dreissenidae. The analysis of the size and age structure of the population of D. polymorpha has shown that maximal age of mollusks was 5 years. The results indicate the successful invasion and naturalization of D. polymorpha in the Shershnevskoye reservoir since 2016.

FEATURES OF TREMATODE COMMUNITIES IN THE PONTO-AZOV MOLLUSK LITHOGLYPHUS NATICOIDES (C. PFEIFFER, 1828) (GASTROPODA, HYDROBIIDAE) FROM UGLICH AND RYBINSK RESERVOIRS (THE UPPER VOLGA BASIN) - Tyutin A.V., Pryanichnikova E.G., Morozova D.A. - The freshwater gastropod mollusk Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) naturalized successfully in the Rybinsk Reservoir and in the Uglich Reservoir in 2005–2011 and 2013–2015, correspondingly. The aim of this work is to study the structure of trematode communities in settlements of L. naticoides, formed by 2019 in the upper parts of these waterbodies. It is found that in both reservoirs the species composition of trematodes is similar and includes Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1899), Apophallus (=Rossicotrema) donicus (Skrjabin et Lindtrop, 1919), Parasymphylodora markewitschi Kulakowskaja, 1947, Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928), Sanguinicola volgensis (Razin, 1929). The density of L. naticoides varies from 30 to 50 ind./m² in the shallows of the Rybinsk Reservoir and from 50 до 520 ind./m² in the Uglich Reservoir where the mollusk is found at the depth of 2–9 m. In August 2019 the prevalence of parthenitae varied at different degrees even in relatively flowing upper parts of the reservoirs similar in hydrological characteristics: Apophallus spp. (32.01% and 11.45%), P. markewitschi (9.14% and 7.63%), N. skrjabini (16.57% and 7.63%), S. volgensis (19.43% and 63.36%). In the Uglich Reservoir, Xiphidiocercaria sp. (9.16%) has been recorded, though their species has not yet been determined. A single case of mixed infection with parthenitae of trematodes (Sanguinicola+Nicolla) was recorded in the Rybinsk Reservoir in 2019. In the Uglich Reservoir, mixed infection with two species of parasites is more common (Parasymphylodora+Xiphidiocercaria, Sanguinicola+Xiphidiocercaria, Sanguinicola+Parasymphylodora, Sanguinicola+Nicolla). Due to the high occurrence of some trematodes, L. naticoides is able to have a significant impact on the ecosystems of reservoirs by the development of foci of the helminthoses even with a relatively low size of its populations.

ALIEN DENDROFLORA OF ALMATY REGION AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS INVASIVENESS - Khusainova I.V., Sitpaeva G.T., Babay I.V., Masalova V.A., Nabieva S.V., Abduchadir A., Zverev N.E., Epiktetov V.G.- The article presents results of studying the distribution of alien species on the territory of six districts of Zhetysu region, located in the South-Eastern Kazakhstan. The data obtained will make it possible to summarize up-to-date information about the state of ecosystems with invasive plant species, predict their further spread, and develop a strategy to control them. The objects of research were natural ecosystems of the Zhetysu region, confined to the Balkhash-Alakol and Zhongar-Alatau floristic districts. To identify alien species, monitoring sites were laid with the calculation of native, introduced species, the species prone to naturalization, and those with self-seeding. The aggressiveness of naturalized species was assessed according to a modernized scale developed at the RSE “Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction” СFW MENR RK. The territory under study includes two State National Nature Parks and a State Nature Reserve. Eighty one alien species of woody plants have been identified within settlements and adjacent territories. Some of them are included in the cultivated flora, which do not show a tendency to naturalization in the region. Seventeen species of alien woody plants have been identified in natural ecosystems, which have the potential for naturalization with a high propensity for seed and vegetative reproduction. The percentage of sites with the presence of invasive species varies from 61 to 91%. The highest aggressiveness score (6–8) was assigned to six species: Acer negundo, Ulmus pumila, Quercus robur, Prunus x domestica, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ulmus laevis. Despite the fact that in the Alakol and Sarkand districts, most of the territory falls on dry-steppe and semi-desert zones, only 8.6% of sites without types of invasive fraction were noted, due to widespread dispersion of particularly aggressive “edificators”: A. negundo, U. pumila, etc. All identified mesophytic by their nature species in the secondary range show themselves highly adaptive, plastic, and competitive in xerophytic conditions.

CONCENTRATIONS OF TRACE ELEMENTS (MN, ZN, CU, FE, NI, CO, AND CD) IN INVASIVE FISH PERCCOTTUS GLENII IN WATER BODIES OF MOSCOW - Petrovskiy A.B., Ksenofontov D.A., Kozhanova E.I., Reshetnikov A.N. - Microclimates of large cities and global warming favor the range expansion of the Far-Eastern invasive fish Perccottus glenii in northern regions of Europe where this invader becomes a component of local ecosystems and participates in transmission of parasites and pollutants along food chains. We have assessed contents of seven trace elements in muscle tissues of this invasive fish in 16 water bodies within the city of Moscow. In all water bodies studied, quantities of all studied elements did not exceed the maximum concentrations permitted in national and international guidelines. Therefore, the screened water bodies of Moscow may be assessed as unpolluted. The fish P. glenii is a convenient object for assessing pollution levels of city ponds, since this fish species is now widespread, reaches a high population densities in shallow aquatic sites, may be caught easily, no permit is required for its capture because the species is recognized as invasive, and its partial elimination does not damage native freshwater ecosystems.

FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGY OF ALIEN SPECIES PRUSSIAN CARP (CYPRINIDAE, ACTINOPTERYGII) FROM THE WATER BODIES OF ARMENIA - Pipoyan S.Kh., Benoyan L.Kh., Grigoryan A.F., Nersisyan M.R., Chakhalyan G.H., Hambartsumyan K.S., Arakelyan M.S., Stepanyan I.E - The age and sex composition of the schools, food activity, the age of sexual maturity, breeding period and fecundity of the alien species Prussian carp indicate the presence of favorable environmental conditions for its wide distribution in the reservoirs of Armenia. The ratio of female/male of Prussian carp in most of the studied reservoirs was 3:1; most of the fish were diploids. The age composition of Prussian carp usually has 4 age groups, with maximum of 7 groups, and a minimum of 3 age groups. The age of sexual maturity of Prussian carp differs in the northern (1+ — 4+) and southern (0+ — 3+) populations in Armenia, as well as in flowing and stagnant water bodies. In some reservoirs, the percentage of Prussian carp in catches has increased over the past decades, which negatively affects the local fish species composition. This fact may indicate the formation of the invasive populations of Prussian carp in Armenia.

THE FIRST RECORD OF EURYTEMORA VELOX (LILLJEBORG, 1853) (CRUSTACEA, CALANOIDA) OUTSIDE OF EUROPE, GENETIC IDENTIFICATION WITH SURPRISE - Sukhikh N., Fefilova E.- The euryhaline species Eurytemora velox (Lilljeborg, 1853) is active invader like some other Eurytemora species. Having ponto-caspian origin, it has been actively spread in fresh and brackish waters throughout Europe during recent decades. At present, the species is found even in the West Siberia. No one record of this species outside of Europe and West Siberia was done.This paper presents finding of mitochondrial haplotype E. velox in North American waters by molecular-genetic methods with morphological identification. This specimen has nITS genes of north Atlantic American E.cf. affinis and mixed E. velox - E.cf. affinis 18SrRNA gene. We suppose it is result of interspecies hybridisation between European E. velox and North American E.cf. affinis. Possibly E. velox was invaded north America with the ballast water of ships from the west Siberia, what supported by identity of studied population to population from the lake in the Ural city Cheljabinsk. What is surprising, hybrid of the same two species was observed in Ural, whereas E.cf. affinis was never find outside of north American Atlantic coast.